Passive Immunization of Newborn Rhesus Macaques Prevents Oral Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

• Published in: The Journal of infectious diseases 1998-05, Vol.177 (5), p.1247-1259
• Main Authors: Van Rompay, Koen K. A., Berardi, Christopher J., Dillard-Telm, Stephan, Tarara, Ross P., Canfield, Don R., Valverde, Celia R., Montefiori, David C., Cole, Kelly Stefano, Montelaro, Ronald C., Miller, Christopher J., Marthas, Marta L.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - immunology; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - prevention & control; Administration, Oral; AIDS; AIDS/HIV; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antibodies; Antibodies, Viral - blood; Antibody Formation; Biological and medical sciences; Blood plasma; Child; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Immunoglobulin A - blood; Immunoglobulin G - blood; Infants; Infections; Inoculation; Kidney - immunology; Kidney - pathology; Macaca mulatta; Major Articles; Microbiology; Newborns; Passive immunization; Physiological immunosuppression; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - immunology; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - prevention & control; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - transmission; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus; Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies; Viremia - immunology; Viremia - prevention & control; Virology; Viruses
• ISSN: 0022-1899; 1537-6613
• DOI: 10.1086/515270

To determine if passively acquired antiviral antibodies modulate virus transmission and disease progression in human pediatric AIDS, the potential of pre- and postexposure passive immunization with hyperimmune serum to prevent oral simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection or disease progression in newborn rhesus macaques was tested. Untreated neonates became infected after oral SIV inoculation and had high viremia, and most animals developed fatal AIDS within 3 months. In contrast, SIV hyperimmune serum given subcutaneously prior to oral SIV inoculation protected 6 newborns against infection. When this SIV hyperimmune serum was given to 3 newborns 3 weeks after oral SIV inoculation, viremia was not reduced, and all 3 infants died within 3 months of age due to AIDS and immune-complex disease. These results suggest that passively acquired antihuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) IgG may decrease perinatal HIV transmission. However, anti-HIV IgG may not impart therapeutic benefit to infants with established HIV infection.