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Cellular Immune Responses to Four Doses of Percutaneous Bacille Calmette-Guérin in Healthy Adults

To explore the hypothesis that low-dose immunization might induce preferential Th1 cell immunity, 76 adults were vaccinated with one of four doses of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG): The doses contained very low (1.6 × 105 cfu), low (3.2 × 106 cfu), standard (1.6 × 108 cfu), or high (3.2 × 108 cfu) le...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of infectious diseases 1998-07, Vol.178 (1), p.138-146
Main Authors: Lowry, Philip W., Ludwig, Teresa S., Adams, Jeffrey A., Fitzpatrick, Michael L., Grant, Suzanne M., Andrle, Greg A., Offerdahl, Matthew R., Cho, Sang-Nae, Jacobs, David R.
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:To explore the hypothesis that low-dose immunization might induce preferential Th1 cell immunity, 76 adults were vaccinated with one of four doses of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG): The doses contained very low (1.6 × 105 cfu), low (3.2 × 106 cfu), standard (1.6 × 108 cfu), or high (3.2 × 108 cfu) levels of BCG. Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses occurred 8 weeks after vaccination in 10% of persons given very low or low doses of BCG, compared with 95% and 100% of persons given standard or high doses, respectively. Lymphoproliferative responses, which were increased only for high-dose vaccinees, peaked 2 weeks after vaccination and were directed chiefly against Mycobacterium tuberculosis-secreted proteins, particularly the antigen 85 complex. Significant increases in mycobacteria-specific interferon-γ expression were present 16 weeks after vaccination only for persons given standard or high doses of BCG. Percutaneous BCG appears capable of inducing a temporary Th1-like immune response, but standard or higher dosages are required.
ISSN:0022-1899
1537-6613
DOI:10.1086/515614