Microbial corruption of the chemokine system: An expanding paradigm

The chemokine signaling system includes more than 40 secreted pro-inflammatory peptides and 12 G protein-coupled receptors that together orchestrate specific leukocyte trafficking in the mammalian immune system, ideally for anti- microbial defense and tissue repair processes. Paradoxically and perve...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Seminars in immunology 1998-06, Vol.10 (3), p.169-178
Main Authors: Pease, James E., Murphy, Philip M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
AIDS/HIV
Animals
chemokine, HIV, AIDS, malaria, herpesvirus, poxvirus
Chemokines - immunology
Herpesviridae - immunology
Herpesviridae Infections - immunology
HIV Infections - immunology
HIV Infections - virology
HIV-1 - immunology
Humans
Malaria - immunology
Plasmodium - immunology
Poxviridae - immunology
Poxviridae Infections - immunology
Receptors, Chemokine - immunology
Receptors, Virus - immunology
Signal Transduction - immunology
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Summary:The chemokine signaling system includes more than 40 secreted pro-inflammatory peptides and 12 G protein-coupled receptors that together orchestrate specific leukocyte trafficking in the mammalian immune system, ideally for anti- microbial defense and tissue repair processes. Paradoxically and perversely, some chemokines and chemokine receptors are also promicrobial factors and facilitate infectious disease, the result of either exploitation or subversion by specific microbes. Two modes of exploitation are known: usage of cellular chemokine receptors for cell entry by intracellular pathogens, including HIV, and usage ofvirally-encodedchemokine receptors for host cell proliferation. Likewise, two modes of subversion are known: virally-encoded chemokineantagonistsand virally-encoded chemokinescavengers. Understanding how microbes turn the tables on the chemokine system may point to new methods to prevent or treat infection, or, more generally, to treat inappropriate chemokine-mediated inflammation.
ISSN:1044-5323
1096-3618
DOI:10.1006/smim.1998.0129