Cloning and characterization of an Mx gene and its corresponding promoter from the zebrafish, Danio rerio

Type I interferons (IFNs) represent a crucial component of the innate immune response to viruses. An important downstream effector of IFN is the Mx gene, which is activated solely through this pathway. Mx proteins are characterized by a tripartite GTP-binding domain, dynamin family signature, and le...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Developmental and comparative immunology 2004-04, Vol.28 (4), p.295-306
Main Authors: Altmann, Stephen M, Mellon, Mark T, Johnson, Marc C, Paw, Barry H, Trede, Nikolaus S, Zon, Len I, Kim, Carol H
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino Acid Sequence
Animals
Base Sequence
Cell Line
Cloning, Molecular
Danio rerio
DNA, Complementary - genetics
dynamin
Freshwater
GTP-Binding Proteins - genetics
Innate immunity
Interferon
interferon-stimulated response element
Leucine Zippers - genetics
Molecular Sequence Data
Mutation
Mx gene
Mx promoter
Mx protein
MxA protein
Myxovirus Resistance Proteins
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Recombinant Proteins - genetics
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Transfection
Zebrafish
Zebrafish - genetics
Zebrafish Proteins - genetics
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Summary:Type I interferons (IFNs) represent a crucial component of the innate immune response to viruses. An important downstream effector of IFN is the Mx gene, which is activated solely through this pathway. Mx proteins are characterized by a tripartite GTP-binding domain, dynamin family signature, and leucine zipper motif. Mx genes are transcribed upon activation of an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) located in the Mx promoter region. In this article, we describe the cloning and analysis of an Mx gene and its corresponding promoter from the zebrafish ( Danio rerio). The deduced amino acid sequence of zebrafish Mx contains the conserved GTP-binding domain, dynamin family signature, and leucine zipper motif common to Mx proteins, and shows a 50% identity to human MxA and 69% identity both to rainbow trout and to Atlantic salmon. Zebrafish liver cells produced high levels of Mx mRNA in response to induction by the known IFN-inducer polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly[I:C]). The zebrafish Mx promoter contains two ISREs homologous to those found in the promoter regions of many IFN-inducible genes, and was able to drive transcription of a luciferase reporter gene when induced by either purified zebrafish IFN or Poly[I:C].
ISSN:0145-305X
1879-0089
DOI:10.1016/j.dci.2003.09.001