Porcine circovirus-2 and concurrent infections in the field

• Published in: Veterinary microbiology 2004-02, Vol.98 (2), p.159-163
• Main Authors: Ellis, J., Clark, E., Haines, D., West, K., Krakowka, S., Kennedy, S., Allan, G.M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Circoviridae Infections - complications; Circoviridae Infections - immunology; Circoviridae Infections - veterinary; Circovirus; Circovirus - growth & development; Circovirus - immunology; Co-factors; Co-infections; Encephalomyocarditis virus; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Hepatitis E virus; infectious diseases; Influenza A virus; Influenza A virus - growth & development; Influenza A virus - immunology; Microbiology; Miscellaneous; mixed infection; Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae - growth & development; Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae - immunology; Orthomyxoviridae Infections - complications; Orthomyxoviridae Infections - immunology; Orthomyxoviridae Infections - veterinary; Parvoviridae Infections - complications; Parvoviridae Infections - immunology; Parvoviridae Infections - veterinary; Parvovirus - growth & development; Parvovirus - immunology; pathogens; pigs; Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal - immunology; Porcine; Porcine circovirus 2; Porcine parvovirus; Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome - immunology; Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus - growth & development; prospective studies; sows; Swine; Swine Diseases - virology; swine influenza virus; Virology; viruses; wasting syndrome; Wasting Syndrome - complications; Wasting Syndrome - immunology; Wasting Syndrome - veterinary
• ISSN: 0378-1135; 1873-2542
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.10.008

Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) is the necessary cause of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in swine; however, a variety of co-factors, including other infectious agents, are thought to be necessary in the full expression of disease. Porcine parvovirus (PPV) was found in the inoculum used in the first experiments to reproduce PMWS in gnotobiotic swine. Retrospective and prospective studies in the field and laboratory have demonstrated PCV-2 can act synergistically with PPV to enhance the severity of PMWS. PCV-2 has been shown to play a role in the porcine infectious disease complex (PRDC). Other co-infecting agents with PCV-2 in the lung include, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Exposure of pregnant sows to PPV, PRRSV, or encephalomyocarditis virus may interact with PCV-2 infected foetuses. The severity of hepatic lesions in PCV-2 infected pigs may be enhanced by co-infection with agents such as swine hepatitis E virus and Aujezsky’s disease virus. Additional studies are required to determine the mechanistic basis for the interaction of PCV-2 with other agents in the pathogenesis of the various clinical syndromes that have been associated with PCV-2 infection.