Management of Influenza in Households: A Prospective, Randomized Comparison of Oseltamivir Treatment With or Without Postexposure Prophylaxis

We determined the efficacy of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) and treatment of ill index cases with oseltamivir, in an attempt to prevent influenza transmission in households, in a study conducted in 277 households with 298 index cases (62% with laboratory-confirmed influenza) and 812 contacts aged ⩾...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of infectious diseases 2004-02, Vol.189 (3), p.440-449
Main Authors: Hayden, Frederick G., Belshe, Robert, Villanueva, Catalina, Lanno, Riin, Hughes, Claire, Small, Ian, Dutkowski, Regina, Ward, Penelope, Carr, Jackie
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetamides - therapeutic use
Administration, Oral
Adolescent
Adult
Adults
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use
Antivirals
Biological and medical sciences
Child
Child, Preschool
Disease transmission
Diseases
Family Characteristics
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Household management
Humans
Infant
Infections
Infectious diseases
Influenza A virus
Influenza virus
Influenza, Human - drug therapy
Influenza, Human - prevention & control
Male
Medical sciences
Microbiology
Middle Aged
Oseltamivir
Post exposure prophylaxis
Prospective Studies
Time Factors
Vaccination
Viruses
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Summary:We determined the efficacy of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) and treatment of ill index cases with oseltamivir, in an attempt to prevent influenza transmission in households, in a study conducted in 277 households with 298 index cases (62% with laboratory-confirmed influenza) and 812 contacts aged ⩾1 year. Contacts were randomized by household to receive treatment (5 days; n=402), if illness developed, or PEP for 10 days (n=410), and the number of households with at least 1 contact developing laboratory-confirmed influenza was measured. PEP provided a protective efficacy of 58.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.6%–79.6%; P=.0114) for households against proven influenza and 68.0% (95% CI, 34.9%–84.2%; P=.0017) for individual contacts, compared with treatment of index cases alone. No oseltamivir-resistant variants were detected in treated index cases or contacts. PEP of household contacts of those with influenza reduces the secondary spread of influenza in families when the initial household case is treated
ISSN:0022-1899
1537-6613
DOI:10.1086/381128