Reactogenicity, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of a Chick Embryo Cell-Derived Vaccine for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A new formalin-inactivated vaccine prepared by sucrose density gradient centrifugation of tissue culture-grown Rickettsia rickettsii was evaluated for safety and immunogenicity in a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Most of the 52 seronegative adult vaccinees, 88% after the first and 66% after...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of infectious diseases 1983-11, Vol.148 (5), p.922-930
Main Authors: Clements, M. L., Wisseman, C. L., Woodward, T. E., Fiset, P., Dumler, J. S., McNamee, W., Black, R. E., Rooney, J., Hughes, T. P., Levine, M. M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Animals
Antibodies
Antibodies, Bacterial - analysis
Bacterial diseases
Bacteriology
Biological and medical sciences
Chick Embryo
Diseases
Dosage
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
Exanthema
Fever
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Human bacterial diseases
Humans
Immunization, Secondary
Immunoglobulin G - analysis
Immunoglobulin M - analysis
Infectious diseases
Lesions
Medical sciences
Microbiology
Rickettsia rickettsii
Rickettsia rickettsii - immunology
Rickettsial diseases
Rickettsial Vaccines - administration & dosage
Rickettsial Vaccines - immunology
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - prevention & control
Skin Tests
Time Factors
Tropical bacterial diseases
Tropical medicine
Vaccination
Vaccines
Vaccines - administration & dosage
Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies
Volunteerism
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Description
Summary:A new formalin-inactivated vaccine prepared by sucrose density gradient centrifugation of tissue culture-grown Rickettsia rickettsii was evaluated for safety and immunogenicity in a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Most of the 52 seronegative adult vaccinees, 88% after the first and 66% after the second dose, experienced brief, mild (mostly local) reactions, but only 50% exhibited a systemic immune response to vaccination. Six unvaccinated volunteers (controls) and 16 of these vaccinees were challenged with R rickettsii one month after vaccination. Vaccine efficacy was 25%; all six controls and 12 of 16 vaccinees developed typical Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The incubation period was longer, the duration of constitutional symptoms shorter, and the height of fever lower in ill vaccinees than in controls. The vaccine provided only partial protection against Rocky Mountain spotted fever but ameliorated the illness.
ISSN:0022-1899
1537-6613
DOI:10.1093/infdis/148.5.922