Additive toxicity of herbicide mixtures and comparative sensitivity of tropical benthic microalgae

Natural waters often contain complex mixtures of unknown contaminants potentially posing a threat to marine communities through chemical interactions. Here, acute effects of the photosystem II-inhibiting herbicides diuron, tebuthiuron, atrazine, simazine, and hexazinone, herbicide breakdown products...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Marine pollution bulletin 2010-11, Vol.60 (11), p.1978-1987
Main Authors: Magnusson, Marie, Heimann, Kirsten, Quayle, Pamela, Negri, Andrew P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Additives
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Applied ecology
Atrazine
Bacillariophyceae
Binary mixtures
Biological and medical sciences
Biological Assay
Chlorophyta
Cylindrotheca closterium
Diatoms
Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution
Environmental Policy
Equivalence
Fluorometry
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Great Barrier Reef
Herbicide
Herbicides
Herbicides - toxicity
Marine
Marine and brackish environment
Navicula
Nephroselmis pyriformis
Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Photosynthesis
Pollution
Toxicity
Tropical Climate
Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
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Summary:Natural waters often contain complex mixtures of unknown contaminants potentially posing a threat to marine communities through chemical interactions. Here, acute effects of the photosystem II-inhibiting herbicides diuron, tebuthiuron, atrazine, simazine, and hexazinone, herbicide breakdown products (desethyl-atrazine (DEA) and 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA)) and binary mixtures, were investigated using three tropical benthic microalgae; Navicula sp. and Cylindrotheca closterium (Ochrophyta) and Nephroselmis pyriformis (Chlorophyta), and one standard test species, Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Ochrophyta), in a high-throughput Maxi-Imaging-PAM bioassay (Maxi-IPAM). The order of toxicity was; diuron>hexazinone>tebuthiuron>atrazine>simazine>DEA>3,4-DCA for all species. The tropical green alga N. pyriformis was up to 10-fold more sensitive than the diatoms tested here and reported for coral symbionts, and is recommended as a standard tropical test species for future research. All binary mixtures exhibited additive toxicity, and the use of herbicide equivalents (HEq) is therefore recommended in order to incorporate total-maximum-load measures for environmental regulatory purposes.
ISSN:0025-326X
1879-3363
DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.07.031