immune paradox: How can the same chemokine axis regulate both immune tolerance and activation?: CCR6/CCL20: A chemokine axis balancing immunological tolerance and inflammation in autoimmune disease

Chemokines (chemotactic cytokines) drive and direct leukocyte traffic. New evidence suggests that the unusual CCR6/CCL20 chemokine receptor/ligand axis provides key homing signals for recently identified cells of the adaptive immune system, recruiting both pro‐inflammatory and suppressive T cell sub...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BioEssays 2010-12, Vol.32 (12), p.1067-1076
Main Authors: Comerford, Iain, Bunting, Mark, Fenix, Kevin, Haylock‐Jacobs, Sarah, Litchfield, Wendel, Harata‐Lee, Yuka, Turvey, Michelle, Brazzatti, Julie, Gregor, Carly, Nguyen, Phillip, Kara, Ervin, McColl, Shaun R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptive Immunity
Autoimmune Diseases - immunology
Autoimmune Diseases - metabolism
Chemokine CCL20 - immunology
Humans
Immune Tolerance
Inflammation - immunology
Receptors, CCR6 - immunology
T-Lymphocytes - immunology
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - metabolism
Th17 Cells - metabolism
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Summary:Chemokines (chemotactic cytokines) drive and direct leukocyte traffic. New evidence suggests that the unusual CCR6/CCL20 chemokine receptor/ligand axis provides key homing signals for recently identified cells of the adaptive immune system, recruiting both pro‐inflammatory and suppressive T cell subsets. Thus CCR6 and CCL20 have been recently implicated in various human pathologies, particularly in autoimmune disease. These studies have revealed that targeting CCR6/CCL20 can enhance or inhibit autoimmune disease depending on the cellular basis of pathogenesis and the cell subtype most affected through different CCR6/CCL20 manipulations. Here, we discuss the significance of this chemokine receptor/ligand axis in immune and inflammatory functions, consider the potential for targeting CCR6/CCL20 in human autoimmunity and propose that the shared evolutionary origins of pro‐inflammatory and regulatory T cells may contribute to the reason why both immune activation and regulation might be controlled through the same chemokine pathway.
ISSN:0265-9247
1521-1878
DOI:10.1002/bies.201000063