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Mechanism of Erythrocyte Aggregation and Sedimentation
Unstirred suspensions of erythrocytes form stable spherical aggregates of uniform size. The radius of the spheres depends upon the suspending medium and the hematocrit. Erythrocyte suspensions will undergo sedimentation only after these aggregates are formed. Aggregation is a two-step process: first...
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Published in: | Blood 1987-11, Vol.70 (5), p.1572-1576 |
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description | Unstirred suspensions of erythrocytes form stable spherical aggregates of uniform size. The radius of the spheres depends upon the suspending medium and the hematocrit. Erythrocyte suspensions will undergo sedimentation only after these aggregates are formed. Aggregation is a two-step process: first, erythrocytes associate in long chains (rouleau formation). Next, these chains form spheres of uniform size. The requirements for this well-defined process are an electrolyte and a neutral or negatively charged macromolecule in the solution and a metabolically active red cell. If these conditions are not met, red cells either will not aggregate at all or will form amorphous aggregates. Rouleau formation and sedimentation are inhibited by 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid, an inhibitor of anion transport, but not by ouabain, a cation transport inhibitor. The kinetics of erythrocyte sedimentation reflects the aforementioned mechanism: no sedimentation occurs during rouleau formation. Once the spheres of uniform size are formed, they will settle according to the Einstein-Stokes equation. In this model, parameters of sedimentation kinetics are the delay before sedimentation starts, the rate of sedimentation in the steady state, and the radius of the sedimenting aggregate. The radius can be calculated from the rate of fall of the aggregates and agrees well with the microscopically observed radius. It is inversely proportional to the hematocrit, which explains the elevated sedimentation rates in anemia. © 1987 by Grune & Stratton, Inc. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1182/blood.V70.5.1572.1572 |
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The radius of the spheres depends upon the suspending medium and the hematocrit. Erythrocyte suspensions will undergo sedimentation only after these aggregates are formed. Aggregation is a two-step process: first, erythrocytes associate in long chains (rouleau formation). Next, these chains form spheres of uniform size. The requirements for this well-defined process are an electrolyte and a neutral or negatively charged macromolecule in the solution and a metabolically active red cell. If these conditions are not met, red cells either will not aggregate at all or will form amorphous aggregates. Rouleau formation and sedimentation are inhibited by 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid, an inhibitor of anion transport, but not by ouabain, a cation transport inhibitor. The kinetics of erythrocyte sedimentation reflects the aforementioned mechanism: no sedimentation occurs during rouleau formation. Once the spheres of uniform size are formed, they will settle according to the Einstein-Stokes equation. In this model, parameters of sedimentation kinetics are the delay before sedimentation starts, the rate of sedimentation in the steady state, and the radius of the sedimenting aggregate. The radius can be calculated from the rate of fall of the aggregates and agrees well with the microscopically observed radius. It is inversely proportional to the hematocrit, which explains the elevated sedimentation rates in anemia. © 1987 by Grune & Stratton, Inc.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0006-4971</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1528-0020</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1182/blood.V70.5.1572.1572</identifier><identifier>PMID: 3663946</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid ; 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid - analogs & derivatives ; 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid - pharmacology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cell Aggregation - drug effects ; Erythrocytes - cytology ; Erythrocytes - drug effects ; Hematology ; Humans ; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) ; Kinetics ; Medical sciences ; Ouabain - pharmacology ; Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques</subject><ispartof>Blood, 1987-11, Vol.70 (5), p.1572-1576</ispartof><rights>1987 American Society of Hematology</rights><rights>1988 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c502t-30f806c1b6821e57f908b8a91fb55616fb46f5c7934d702d0ccabf6f111c13223</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006497120795455$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,3536,27905,27906,45761</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=7428701$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3663946$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fabry, Thomas L.</creatorcontrib><title>Mechanism of Erythrocyte Aggregation and Sedimentation</title><title>Blood</title><addtitle>Blood</addtitle><description>Unstirred suspensions of erythrocytes form stable spherical aggregates of uniform size. The radius of the spheres depends upon the suspending medium and the hematocrit. Erythrocyte suspensions will undergo sedimentation only after these aggregates are formed. Aggregation is a two-step process: first, erythrocytes associate in long chains (rouleau formation). Next, these chains form spheres of uniform size. The requirements for this well-defined process are an electrolyte and a neutral or negatively charged macromolecule in the solution and a metabolically active red cell. If these conditions are not met, red cells either will not aggregate at all or will form amorphous aggregates. Rouleau formation and sedimentation are inhibited by 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid, an inhibitor of anion transport, but not by ouabain, a cation transport inhibitor. The kinetics of erythrocyte sedimentation reflects the aforementioned mechanism: no sedimentation occurs during rouleau formation. Once the spheres of uniform size are formed, they will settle according to the Einstein-Stokes equation. In this model, parameters of sedimentation kinetics are the delay before sedimentation starts, the rate of sedimentation in the steady state, and the radius of the sedimenting aggregate. The radius can be calculated from the rate of fall of the aggregates and agrees well with the microscopically observed radius. It is inversely proportional to the hematocrit, which explains the elevated sedimentation rates in anemia. © 1987 by Grune & Stratton, Inc.</description><subject>4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid</subject><subject>4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid - pharmacology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cell Aggregation - drug effects</subject><subject>Erythrocytes - cytology</subject><subject>Erythrocytes - drug effects</subject><subject>Hematology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)</subject><subject>Kinetics</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Ouabain - pharmacology</subject><subject>Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. 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Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fabry, Thomas L.</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Blood</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fabry, Thomas L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mechanism of Erythrocyte Aggregation and Sedimentation</atitle><jtitle>Blood</jtitle><addtitle>Blood</addtitle><date>1987-11-01</date><risdate>1987</risdate><volume>70</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1572</spage><epage>1576</epage><pages>1572-1576</pages><issn>0006-4971</issn><eissn>1528-0020</eissn><abstract>Unstirred suspensions of erythrocytes form stable spherical aggregates of uniform size. The radius of the spheres depends upon the suspending medium and the hematocrit. Erythrocyte suspensions will undergo sedimentation only after these aggregates are formed. Aggregation is a two-step process: first, erythrocytes associate in long chains (rouleau formation). Next, these chains form spheres of uniform size. The requirements for this well-defined process are an electrolyte and a neutral or negatively charged macromolecule in the solution and a metabolically active red cell. If these conditions are not met, red cells either will not aggregate at all or will form amorphous aggregates. Rouleau formation and sedimentation are inhibited by 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid, an inhibitor of anion transport, but not by ouabain, a cation transport inhibitor. The kinetics of erythrocyte sedimentation reflects the aforementioned mechanism: no sedimentation occurs during rouleau formation. Once the spheres of uniform size are formed, they will settle according to the Einstein-Stokes equation. In this model, parameters of sedimentation kinetics are the delay before sedimentation starts, the rate of sedimentation in the steady state, and the radius of the sedimenting aggregate. The radius can be calculated from the rate of fall of the aggregates and agrees well with the microscopically observed radius. It is inversely proportional to the hematocrit, which explains the elevated sedimentation rates in anemia. © 1987 by Grune & Stratton, Inc.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>3663946</pmid><doi>10.1182/blood.V70.5.1572.1572</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid - analogs & derivatives 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid - pharmacology Biological and medical sciences Cell Aggregation - drug effects Erythrocytes - cytology Erythrocytes - drug effects Hematology Humans Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) Kinetics Medical sciences Ouabain - pharmacology Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques |
title | Mechanism of Erythrocyte Aggregation and Sedimentation |
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