Effect of Cadmium on Sodium and Potassium Excretion and on Action of Hydrochlorothiazide in Rats

Cadmium administered to rats decreased urinary sodium excretion. Single doses of 1.0 mg/kg or greater were equally effective. Doses of 0.5 mg/kg or less and 20 multiple doses of 0.5 mg/kg had no effect. A single dose was effective for only a limited time. The greatest decrease in sodium excretion oc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 1974-04, Vol.63 (4), p.563-566
Main Authors: Foulke, Judith D., Kessler, Wayne V., Born, Gordon S., Shaw, Stanley M., Vetter, Richard J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Cadmium - administration & dosage
Cadmium - analysis
Cadmium - pharmacology
Cadmium-effect on sodium and potassium excretion and action of hydrochlorothiazide
Cadmium–effect on sodium and potassium excretion and action of hydrochlorothiazide, rats, mechanism of action
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
excretion-effect of single and multiple doses of cadmium
Female
Hydrochlorothiazide - pharmacology
Hydrochlorothiazide-effect of single and multiple doses of cadmium
Hydrochlorothiazide–effect of single and multiple doses of cadmium, rats
Injections, Intraperitoneal
Kidney - analysis
mechanism of action
Potassium
Potassium - urine
Potassium Isotopes
Potassium, excretion—effect of single and multiple doses of cadmium
Radioisotopes
Rats
Sodium
Sodium - urine
Sodium Isotopes
Sodium, excretion—effect of single and multiple doses of cadmium
Time Factors
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Summary:Cadmium administered to rats decreased urinary sodium excretion. Single doses of 1.0 mg/kg or greater were equally effective. Doses of 0.5 mg/kg or less and 20 multiple doses of 0.5 mg/kg had no effect. A single dose was effective for only a limited time. The greatest decrease in sodium excretion occurred at a time that was 0–12hr after injection, but an effect was still seen at 24hr and up to 7 days. The action of hydrochlorothiazide was not altered by either a single 10-mg/kg dose or 20 0.5-mg/kg doses of cadmium. An effect of cadmium on potassium excretion was seen but was less evident than the effect on sodium excretion. The concentration of cadmium in the kidneys was not directly related to its effect on sodium excretion, indicating that the biochemical form and not the amount is the determinative factor. It is postulated that cadmium exerts its effect by an indirect mechanism and not by direct action on the nephron.
ISSN:0022-3549
1520-6017
DOI:10.1002/jps.2600630414