Preservatives for Poliomyelitis (Salk) Vaccine II: Formaldehyde and Esters of p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid

During the manufacture of poliomyelitis vaccine, 92 p.p.m. of formaldehyde was added to inactivate the virus. After 2years at 4°, 70–80 p.p.m. was still present. If not neutralized by bisulfite, this concentration of formaldehyde was a potent antibacterial agent, but had little antimycotic activity....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 1964-06, Vol.53 (6), p.659-663
Main Authors: Tracy, J.M., Glass, D.G., Nicholson, M.J., Pivnick, Hilliard
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Benzoates
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
Esters
Formaldehyde
Hydroxybenzoates
Old Medline
Pharmacy
Poliomyelitis
Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated
Poliovirus Vaccines
Preservatives, Pharmaceutical
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Summary:During the manufacture of poliomyelitis vaccine, 92 p.p.m. of formaldehyde was added to inactivate the virus. After 2years at 4°, 70–80 p.p.m. was still present. If not neutralized by bisulfite, this concentration of formaldehyde was a potent antibacterial agent, but had little antimycotic activity. The addition of toxoids and pertussis vaccine to poliomyelitis vaccine to form DPT polio caused no immediate loss of formaldehyde but after about 10months at 4° and 25° there were losses of about 50 and 80 per cent, respectively. The loss of 50 per cent of the formaldehyde decreased the preservative activity. The methyl and propyl parabens in a ratio of 10:1 and a final concentration of 0.165 per cent were only moderately antibacterial, but were effective antifungal agents. The addition of parabens to vaccine containing nonneutralized formaldehyde gave a mixture of preservatives which was inhibitory against high concentrations of both bacterial and fungal contaminants. Parabens also prevented loss of formaldehyde from DPT polio vaccine.
ISSN:0022-3549
1520-6017
DOI:10.1002/jps.2600530618