Use of a tetanus toxoid marker to allow differentiation of infected from vaccinated poultry without affecting the efficacy of a H5N1 avian influenza virus vaccine

Tetanus toxoid (TT) was assessed as a positive marker for avian influenza (AI) virus vaccination in chickens, in a vaccination and challenge study. Chickens were vaccinated twice with inactivated AI H5N2 virus vaccine, and then challenged three weeks later with highly pathogenic AI H5N1 virus. Vacci...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Veterinary record 2010-10, Vol.167 (18), p.695-699
Main Authors: James-Berry, C. M., Middleton, D., Mansfield, J. P., Fenwick, S. G., Ellis, T. M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antibodies
Antibodies, Viral - analysis
Antibodies, Viral - biosynthesis
antibody detection
Antigens
Avian flu
avian influenza
Avian influenza virus
biomarkers
Biomarkers - analysis
Birds
Chickens
disease prevention
Epidemics
Female
Immunization
immunologic techniques
inactivated vaccines
Influenza A virus
Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - immunology
Influenza in Birds - immunology
Influenza in Birds - prevention & control
Influenza Vaccines - administration & dosage
Laboratories
Male
Poultry
Random Allocation
Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
strains
Tetanus
Tetanus Toxoid - analysis
toxoids
vaccination
Vaccines
Vaccines, Inactivated - administration & dosage
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Summary:Tetanus toxoid (TT) was assessed as a positive marker for avian influenza (AI) virus vaccination in chickens, in a vaccination and challenge study. Chickens were vaccinated twice with inactivated AI H5N2 virus vaccine, and then challenged three weeks later with highly pathogenic AI H5N1 virus. Vaccinated chickens were compared with other groups that were either sham-vaccinated or vaccinated with virus with the TT marker. All sham-vaccinated chickens died by 36 hours postinfection, whereas all vaccinated chickens, with or without the TT marker, were protected from morbidity and mortality following exposure to the challenge virus. Serological testing for H5-specific antibodies identified anamnestic responses to H5 in some of the vaccinated birds, indicating active virus infection.
ISSN:0042-4900
2042-7670
DOI:10.1136/vr.c5798