Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity as indicator of sympathetic activity: simultaneous evaluation in different tissues of hypertensive rats

• Published in: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology integrative and comparative physiology, 2011-02, Vol.300 (2), p.R264-R271
• Main Authors: Burgi, Katia, Cavalleri, Marina T, Alves, Adilson S, Britto, Luiz R G, Antunes, Vagner R, Michelini, Lisete C
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adrenergic Fibers - metabolism; Adrenergic Fibers - pathology; Animal Structures - blood supply; Animal Structures - innervation; Animal Structures - metabolism; Animal Structures - physiopathology; Animals; Arterioles - innervation; Arterioles - metabolism; Arterioles - pathology; Blood Pressure - physiology; Chromatography; Coronary vessels; Coronary Vessels - innervation; Coronary Vessels - metabolism; Coronary Vessels - pathology; Femoral Artery - metabolism; Heart Rate - physiology; Hypertension; Hypertension - physiopathology; Immunohistochemistry; Kidney - blood supply; Kidney - innervation; Kidney - metabolism; Kidney - physiopathology; Kidneys; Lumbosacral Region - innervation; Lumbosacral Region - physiology; Male; Muscle, Skeletal - blood supply; Muscle, Skeletal - innervation; Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism; Musculoskeletal system; Myocardium - metabolism; Norepinephrine - metabolism; Physical Conditioning, Animal - physiology; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Rodents; Sympathetic Nervous System - physiology; Sympathetic Nervous System - physiopathology; Tissues; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase - analysis; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase - metabolism
• ISSN: 0363-6119; 1522-1490
• DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00687.2009

Vasomotor control by the sympathetic nervous system presents substantial heterogeneity within different tissues, providing appropriate homeostatic responses to maintain basal/stimulated cardiovascular function both at normal and pathological conditions. The availability of a reproducible technique for simultaneous measurement of sympathetic drive to different tissues is of great interest to uncover regional patterns of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). We propose the association of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (THir) with image analysis to quantify norepinephrine (NE) content within nerve terminals in arteries/arterioles as a good index for regional sympathetic outflow. THir was measured in fixed arterioles of kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle of Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (123 ± 2 and 181 ± 4 mmHg, 300 ± 8 and 352 ± 8 beats/min, respectively). There was a differential THir distribution in both groups: higher THir was observed in the kidney and skeletal muscle (∼3-4-fold vs. heart arterioles) of WKY; in SHR, THir was increased in the kidney and heart (2.4- and 5.3-fold vs. WKY, respectively) with no change in the skeletal muscle arterioles. Observed THir changes were confirmed by either: 1) determination of NE content (high-performance liquid chromatography) in fresh tissues (SHR vs. WKY): +34% and +17% in kidney and heart, respectively, with no change in the skeletal muscle; 2) direct recording of renal (RSNA) and lumbar SNA (LSNA) in anesthetized rats, showing increased RSNA but unchanged LSNA in SHR vs. WKY. THir in skeletal muscle arterioles, NE content in femoral artery, and LSNA were simultaneously reduced by exercise training in the WKY group. Results indicate that THir is a valuable technique to simultaneously evaluate regional patterns of sympathetic activity.