Effect of maternal anxiety and music on fetal movements and fetal heart rate patterns

• Published in: The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine 2011-03, Vol.24 (3), p.461-464
• Main Authors: Kafal, Hasan, Derbent, Aysel, Kesk n, Esra, S mavl, Serap, Gözdem r, El f
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; anxiety; Anxiety - complications; Anxiety - epidemiology; Anxiety - physiopathology; Anxiety - therapy; Female; Fetal Monitoring; Fetal Movement - physiology; Heart Rate, Fetal - physiology; Humans; Interview, Psychological; Maternal-Fetal Relations - psychology; Mothers; music; Music - psychology; Music Therapy; NST; Pregnancy; Stress, Psychological - complications; Stress, Psychological - epidemiology; Stress, Psychological - physiopathology; Stress, Psychological - therapy; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1476-7058; 1476-4954
• DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2010.501122

Objective. Aimed to investigate (a) the effect of non-stress test (NST) and music on maternal anxiety (b) the effect of maternal anxiety and music on fetal heart rate (FHR) changes. Material and method. The two hundred and one pregnant women coming for routine prenatal care were randomized to receive either music (n = 96) or no music (n = 105) during NST. Before and after the test, these women were asked to complete the Spielberg State-Trait Anxiety Inventory on two interviews; primary outcome was considered as a maternal state anxiety score before and after NST. Secondary outcome was the baseline FHR, the number of fetal movement, large accelerations, dubious NST, variable decelerations, and the minimum procedure time. Results. Before NST, the mean state anxiety score of the music and control groups was found as 38.1 ± 8.8 and 38.08 ± 8.2, respectively (p > 0.05). On the other hand, after NST, the mean state anxiety score of the music and control groups was found as 35.5 ± 8.2 and 40.2 ± 9.2, respectively (p