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Dependencies between Grammatical Systems

In some languages there are dependencies between grammatical systems, e.g. there may be fewer tense choices in negative than in positive polarity. We examine the direction of dependencies between eight types of grammatical systems, and establish a dependency hierarchy. Polarity is at the top of the...

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Published in:	Language (Baltimore) 1998-03, Vol.74 (1), p.56-80
Main Authors:	Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y., Dixon, R. M. W.
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	Definiteness Gender neutral language Grammar Grammatical clauses Grammatical gender Grammatical tenses Language Linguistics Nouns Predicates Pronouns Verbs
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creator	Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. Dixon, R. M. W.
description	In some languages there are dependencies between grammatical systems, e.g. there may be fewer tense choices in negative than in positive polarity. We examine the direction of dependencies between eight types of grammatical systems, and establish a dependency hierarchy. Polarity is at the top of the hierarchy-the choices available in another system may depend on polarity, but the possibility of positive/negative specification never depends on any of the other systems considered here. Next come systems associated with the predicate (or perhaps with the clause as a whole): tense, aspect, and evidentiality. Next come systems associated with predicate arguments-person, reference classification (covering gender/noun class, classifiers, and human/nonhuman or animate/inanimate); then number. And finally case, which marks the function of a predicate argument. The rationale for this hierarchy is considered. An appendix adds systems of definiteness to the discussion.
doi_str_mv	10.1353/lan.1998.0165
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source	International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS); Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA); JSTOR
subjects	Definiteness Gender neutral language Grammar Grammatical clauses Grammatical gender Grammatical tenses Language Linguistics Nouns Predicates Pronouns Verbs
title	Dependencies between Grammatical Systems
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