Amiodarone interactions with membrane lipids and with growth of Bacillus stearothermophilus used as a model

• Published in: Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 2000-06, Vol.87 (3), p.165-175
• Main Authors: ROSA, S. M. L. J, ANTUNES-MADEIRA, M. C, JURADO, A. S, MADEIRA, V. V. M. C
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: amiodarone; Amiodarone - pharmacology; Antiarythmic agents; Bacillus stearothermophilus; Bacteria; Biochemistry; Biological and medical sciences; Cardiovascular system; Cell Division - drug effects; Cell Membrane - drug effects; Cell Membrane - metabolism; Diphenylhexatriene - analogs & derivatives; Diphenylhexatriene - pharmacology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology; Eubacterium; Fluorescent Dyes - pharmacology; Geobacillus stearothermophilus; Lipid Bilayers - metabolism; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Liposomes; Medical sciences; Membranes; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Phase transitions; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Studies; Temperature; Time Factors
• ISSN: 0273-2289; 1559-0291; 0273-2289
• DOI: 10.1385/ABAB:87:3:165

The thermophilic eubacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus was used as a model to study the effects of amiodarone (2-butyl-3-[3',5'diido-4'alpha-diethylaminoethoxybenzoyl]-be nzofuran) in lipid organization and in bacterial growth. Effects on the structural order of lipids were assessed by fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH), probing the bilayer core, and of the propionic acid derivative 3-[p-(6-phenyl)-1,3,5-hexatrienyl] phenylpropionic acid (DPH-PA), probing the outer regions of the bilayer. Amiodarone fluidizes bacterial polar lipid bilayers for temperatures below the phase transition midpoint, and orders the fluid phase of the bacterial polar lipids, as evaluated by DPH and DPH-PA. The ordering and disordering effects, which are concentration dependent, are more extensive when detected by DPH relative to DPH-PA. Growth studies performed in parallel revealed that amiodarone inhibits bacterial growth as a function of concentration. Amiodarone concentrations in the range from 1 to 2.5 microM increased the lag time, decreased the specific growth rate, and decreased the final cell density. Furthermore, 3 microM amiodarone completely inhibited growth. These in vivo effects of amiodarone can be related to its ability to perturb the phospholipid bilayer structure, whose integrity is essential for cell function, viability, and growth.