Loading…
Characterization of voltage-gated sodium-channel blockers by electrical stimulation and fluorescence detection of membrane potential
Voltage-gated ion channels regulate many physiological functions and are targets for a number of drugs. Patch-clamp electrophysiology is the standard method for measuring channel activity because it fulfils the requirements for voltage control, repetitive stimulation and high temporal resolution, bu...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Nature biotechnology 2006-04, Vol.24 (4), p.439-446 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Subjects: | |
| Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| cited_by | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c627t-4478a27ebe365e4c593092ff2f6d5952d113ca6cbfab0fe3c98f968fa0fdbdeb3 |
|---|---|
| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c627t-4478a27ebe365e4c593092ff2f6d5952d113ca6cbfab0fe3c98f968fa0fdbdeb3 |
| container_end_page | 446 |
| container_issue | 4 |
| container_start_page | 439 |
| container_title | Nature biotechnology |
| container_volume | 24 |
| creator | González, Jesús E Huang, Chien-Jung Harootunian, Alec Maher, Michael P Quan, Catherine Raj, Christopher D McCormack, Ken Numann, Randal Negulescu, Paul A |
| description | Voltage-gated ion channels regulate many physiological functions and are targets for a number of drugs. Patch-clamp electrophysiology is the standard method for measuring channel activity because it fulfils the requirements for voltage control, repetitive stimulation and high temporal resolution, but it is laborious and costly. Here we report an electro-optical technology and automated instrument, called the electrical stimulation voltage ion probe reader (E-VIPR), that measures the activity of voltage-gated ion channels using extracellular electrical field stimulation and voltage-sensitive fluorescent probes. We demonstrate that E-VIPR can sensitively detect drug potency and mechanism of block on the neuronal human type III voltage-gated sodium channel expressed in human embryonic kidney cells. Results are compared with voltage-clamp and show that E-VIPR provides sensitive and information-rich compound blocking activity. Furthermore, we screened ∼400 drugs and observed sodium channel–blocking activity for ∼25% of them, including the antidepressants sertraline (Zoloft) and paroxetine (Paxil). |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/nbt1194 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_853480093</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A191182692</galeid><sourcerecordid>A191182692</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c627t-4478a27ebe365e4c593092ff2f6d5952d113ca6cbfab0fe3c98f968fa0fdbdeb3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqN0ltr1jAYB_AiiptT_ARKETxddCZtc7ocLx4Gg4Gn25KmT7rMNHlNUnFe-8HNS6svU1Cbi5bkl39zeIriPkbHGDX8hesTxqK9URxi0tIKU0Fv5m_EWYUwoQfFnRgvEUK0pfR2cYApIQiz9rD4vrmQQaoEwXyTyXhXel1-8TbJEapRJhjK6AczT5W6kM6BLXvr1ScIseyvSrCgUjBK2jImM812iZBuKLWdfYCowCkoB0gZrukTTH2QDsqtT-CSkfZucUtLG-He-j4qPrx6-X7zpjo7f326OTmrFK1ZqtqWcVkz6KGhBFpFRINErXWt6UAEqQeMGyWp6rXskYZGCa4F5VoiPfQD9M1R8XTJ3Qb_eYaYusnkFVqbV-Pn2HHStBwh0WT55K-SMt4yRNg_IWaYC8HrDB_9Bi_9HFzeblfvHla3NKPjBY3SQmec9ilfTm4DTEZ5B9rk_hMsMOY1FbvU59cmZJPgaxrlHGN3-u7t_9vzj9ftelIq-BgD6G4bzCTDVYdRt6u4bq24LB-u-5r7CYa9W0ssg8crkDEXis5Xr0zcO8YwZZhk92xxMQ-5EcL-gP7854OFOpnmAL-yfo7_AO3g9mY</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>222227246</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Characterization of voltage-gated sodium-channel blockers by electrical stimulation and fluorescence detection of membrane potential</title><source>Nature</source><creator>González, Jesús E ; Huang, Chien-Jung ; Harootunian, Alec ; Maher, Michael P ; Quan, Catherine ; Raj, Christopher D ; McCormack, Ken ; Numann, Randal ; Negulescu, Paul A</creator><creatorcontrib>González, Jesús E ; Huang, Chien-Jung ; Harootunian, Alec ; Maher, Michael P ; Quan, Catherine ; Raj, Christopher D ; McCormack, Ken ; Numann, Randal ; Negulescu, Paul A</creatorcontrib><description>Voltage-gated ion channels regulate many physiological functions and are targets for a number of drugs. Patch-clamp electrophysiology is the standard method for measuring channel activity because it fulfils the requirements for voltage control, repetitive stimulation and high temporal resolution, but it is laborious and costly. Here we report an electro-optical technology and automated instrument, called the electrical stimulation voltage ion probe reader (E-VIPR), that measures the activity of voltage-gated ion channels using extracellular electrical field stimulation and voltage-sensitive fluorescent probes. We demonstrate that E-VIPR can sensitively detect drug potency and mechanism of block on the neuronal human type III voltage-gated sodium channel expressed in human embryonic kidney cells. Results are compared with voltage-clamp and show that E-VIPR provides sensitive and information-rich compound blocking activity. Furthermore, we screened ∼400 drugs and observed sodium channel–blocking activity for ∼25% of them, including the antidepressants sertraline (Zoloft) and paroxetine (Paxil).</description><identifier>ISSN: 1087-0156</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1546-1696</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/nbt1194</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16550174</identifier><identifier>CODEN: NABIF9</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Nature Publishing Group US</publisher><subject>Agriculture ; Analysis ; Antidepressants ; Bioinformatics ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology ; Biomedicine ; Biotechnology ; Cells, Cultured ; Drug Design ; Electric fields ; Electric Stimulation - methods ; General pharmacology ; Humans ; Ion Channel Gating - drug effects ; Ion Channel Gating - physiology ; Ions ; Kidneys ; Life Sciences ; Measurement techniques ; Medical sciences ; Membrane Potentials - drug effects ; Membrane Potentials - physiology ; Microscopy, Fluorescence - methods ; Neurons - drug effects ; Neurons - physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques - methods ; Pharmaceutical Preparations - administration & dosage ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Physiology ; Probes ; Research methodology ; Sodium ; Sodium Channels - drug effects ; Sodium Channels - physiology</subject><ispartof>Nature biotechnology, 2006-04, Vol.24 (4), p.439-446</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature America, Inc. 2006</rights><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2006 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Apr 2006</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c627t-4478a27ebe365e4c593092ff2f6d5952d113ca6cbfab0fe3c98f968fa0fdbdeb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c627t-4478a27ebe365e4c593092ff2f6d5952d113ca6cbfab0fe3c98f968fa0fdbdeb3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,2727,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17716715$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16550174$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>González, Jesús E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Chien-Jung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harootunian, Alec</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maher, Michael P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quan, Catherine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raj, Christopher D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCormack, Ken</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Numann, Randal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Negulescu, Paul A</creatorcontrib><title>Characterization of voltage-gated sodium-channel blockers by electrical stimulation and fluorescence detection of membrane potential</title><title>Nature biotechnology</title><addtitle>Nat Biotechnol</addtitle><addtitle>Nat Biotechnol</addtitle><description>Voltage-gated ion channels regulate many physiological functions and are targets for a number of drugs. Patch-clamp electrophysiology is the standard method for measuring channel activity because it fulfils the requirements for voltage control, repetitive stimulation and high temporal resolution, but it is laborious and costly. Here we report an electro-optical technology and automated instrument, called the electrical stimulation voltage ion probe reader (E-VIPR), that measures the activity of voltage-gated ion channels using extracellular electrical field stimulation and voltage-sensitive fluorescent probes. We demonstrate that E-VIPR can sensitively detect drug potency and mechanism of block on the neuronal human type III voltage-gated sodium channel expressed in human embryonic kidney cells. Results are compared with voltage-clamp and show that E-VIPR provides sensitive and information-rich compound blocking activity. Furthermore, we screened ∼400 drugs and observed sodium channel–blocking activity for ∼25% of them, including the antidepressants sertraline (Zoloft) and paroxetine (Paxil).</description><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Antidepressants</subject><subject>Bioinformatics</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>Cells, Cultured</subject><subject>Drug Design</subject><subject>Electric fields</subject><subject>Electric Stimulation - methods</subject><subject>General pharmacology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Ion Channel Gating - drug effects</subject><subject>Ion Channel Gating - physiology</subject><subject>Ions</subject><subject>Kidneys</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Measurement techniques</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Membrane Potentials - drug effects</subject><subject>Membrane Potentials - physiology</subject><subject>Microscopy, Fluorescence - methods</subject><subject>Neurons - drug effects</subject><subject>Neurons - physiology</subject><subject>Patch-Clamp Techniques - methods</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical Preparations - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Probes</subject><subject>Research methodology</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Sodium Channels - drug effects</subject><subject>Sodium Channels - physiology</subject><issn>1087-0156</issn><issn>1546-1696</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqN0ltr1jAYB_AiiptT_ARKETxddCZtc7ocLx4Gg4Gn25KmT7rMNHlNUnFe-8HNS6svU1Cbi5bkl39zeIriPkbHGDX8hesTxqK9URxi0tIKU0Fv5m_EWYUwoQfFnRgvEUK0pfR2cYApIQiz9rD4vrmQQaoEwXyTyXhXel1-8TbJEapRJhjK6AczT5W6kM6BLXvr1ScIseyvSrCgUjBK2jImM812iZBuKLWdfYCowCkoB0gZrukTTH2QDsqtT-CSkfZucUtLG-He-j4qPrx6-X7zpjo7f326OTmrFK1ZqtqWcVkz6KGhBFpFRINErXWt6UAEqQeMGyWp6rXskYZGCa4F5VoiPfQD9M1R8XTJ3Qb_eYaYusnkFVqbV-Pn2HHStBwh0WT55K-SMt4yRNg_IWaYC8HrDB_9Bi_9HFzeblfvHla3NKPjBY3SQmec9ilfTm4DTEZ5B9rk_hMsMOY1FbvU59cmZJPgaxrlHGN3-u7t_9vzj9ftelIq-BgD6G4bzCTDVYdRt6u4bq24LB-u-5r7CYa9W0ssg8crkDEXis5Xr0zcO8YwZZhk92xxMQ-5EcL-gP7854OFOpnmAL-yfo7_AO3g9mY</recordid><startdate>20060401</startdate><enddate>20060401</enddate><creator>González, Jesús E</creator><creator>Huang, Chien-Jung</creator><creator>Harootunian, Alec</creator><creator>Maher, Michael P</creator><creator>Quan, Catherine</creator><creator>Raj, Christopher D</creator><creator>McCormack, Ken</creator><creator>Numann, Randal</creator><creator>Negulescu, Paul A</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group US</general><general>Nature</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7UA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20060401</creationdate><title>Characterization of voltage-gated sodium-channel blockers by electrical stimulation and fluorescence detection of membrane potential</title><author>González, Jesús E ; Huang, Chien-Jung ; Harootunian, Alec ; Maher, Michael P ; Quan, Catherine ; Raj, Christopher D ; McCormack, Ken ; Numann, Randal ; Negulescu, Paul A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c627t-4478a27ebe365e4c593092ff2f6d5952d113ca6cbfab0fe3c98f968fa0fdbdeb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Antidepressants</topic><topic>Bioinformatics</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Biotechnology</topic><topic>Cells, Cultured</topic><topic>Drug Design</topic><topic>Electric fields</topic><topic>Electric Stimulation - methods</topic><topic>General pharmacology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Ion Channel Gating - drug effects</topic><topic>Ion Channel Gating - physiology</topic><topic>Ions</topic><topic>Kidneys</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Measurement techniques</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Membrane Potentials - drug effects</topic><topic>Membrane Potentials - physiology</topic><topic>Microscopy, Fluorescence - methods</topic><topic>Neurons - drug effects</topic><topic>Neurons - physiology</topic><topic>Patch-Clamp Techniques - methods</topic><topic>Pharmaceutical Preparations - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Probes</topic><topic>Research methodology</topic><topic>Sodium</topic><topic>Sodium Channels - drug effects</topic><topic>Sodium Channels - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>González, Jesús E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Chien-Jung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harootunian, Alec</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maher, Michael P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quan, Catherine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raj, Christopher D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCormack, Ken</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Numann, Randal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Negulescu, Paul A</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Science in Context</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Nature biotechnology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>González, Jesús E</au><au>Huang, Chien-Jung</au><au>Harootunian, Alec</au><au>Maher, Michael P</au><au>Quan, Catherine</au><au>Raj, Christopher D</au><au>McCormack, Ken</au><au>Numann, Randal</au><au>Negulescu, Paul A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characterization of voltage-gated sodium-channel blockers by electrical stimulation and fluorescence detection of membrane potential</atitle><jtitle>Nature biotechnology</jtitle><stitle>Nat Biotechnol</stitle><addtitle>Nat Biotechnol</addtitle><date>2006-04-01</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>439</spage><epage>446</epage><pages>439-446</pages><issn>1087-0156</issn><eissn>1546-1696</eissn><coden>NABIF9</coden><abstract>Voltage-gated ion channels regulate many physiological functions and are targets for a number of drugs. Patch-clamp electrophysiology is the standard method for measuring channel activity because it fulfils the requirements for voltage control, repetitive stimulation and high temporal resolution, but it is laborious and costly. Here we report an electro-optical technology and automated instrument, called the electrical stimulation voltage ion probe reader (E-VIPR), that measures the activity of voltage-gated ion channels using extracellular electrical field stimulation and voltage-sensitive fluorescent probes. We demonstrate that E-VIPR can sensitively detect drug potency and mechanism of block on the neuronal human type III voltage-gated sodium channel expressed in human embryonic kidney cells. Results are compared with voltage-clamp and show that E-VIPR provides sensitive and information-rich compound blocking activity. Furthermore, we screened ∼400 drugs and observed sodium channel–blocking activity for ∼25% of them, including the antidepressants sertraline (Zoloft) and paroxetine (Paxil).</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group US</pub><pmid>16550174</pmid><doi>10.1038/nbt1194</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1087-0156 |
| ispartof | Nature biotechnology, 2006-04, Vol.24 (4), p.439-446 |
| issn | 1087-0156 1546-1696 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_853480093 |
| source | Nature |
| subjects | Agriculture Analysis Antidepressants Bioinformatics Biological and medical sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology Biomedicine Biotechnology Cells, Cultured Drug Design Electric fields Electric Stimulation - methods General pharmacology Humans Ion Channel Gating - drug effects Ion Channel Gating - physiology Ions Kidneys Life Sciences Measurement techniques Medical sciences Membrane Potentials - drug effects Membrane Potentials - physiology Microscopy, Fluorescence - methods Neurons - drug effects Neurons - physiology Patch-Clamp Techniques - methods Pharmaceutical Preparations - administration & dosage Pharmacology. Drug treatments Physiology Probes Research methodology Sodium Sodium Channels - drug effects Sodium Channels - physiology |
| title | Characterization of voltage-gated sodium-channel blockers by electrical stimulation and fluorescence detection of membrane potential |
| url | http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-02T21%3A51%3A28IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_proqu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Characterization%20of%20voltage-gated%20sodium-channel%20blockers%20by%20electrical%20stimulation%20and%20fluorescence%20detection%20of%20membrane%20potential&rft.jtitle=Nature%20biotechnology&rft.au=Gonz%C3%A1lez,%20Jes%C3%BAs%20E&rft.date=2006-04-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=439&rft.epage=446&rft.pages=439-446&rft.issn=1087-0156&rft.eissn=1546-1696&rft.coden=NABIF9&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038/nbt1194&rft_dat=%3Cgale_proqu%3EA191182692%3C/gale_proqu%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c627t-4478a27ebe365e4c593092ff2f6d5952d113ca6cbfab0fe3c98f968fa0fdbdeb3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=222227246&rft_id=info:pmid/16550174&rft_galeid=A191182692&rfr_iscdi=true |