Evaluation of methods to extract and quantify lipids from Synechocystis PCC 6803

In order to use the photosynthetic cyanobacterium Synechocystis as a source of feedstock for carbon–neutral, nonpetroleum-based diesel fuel, we evaluated several solvents and solvent systems for their ability to extract lipid from wild-type Synechocystis PCC 6803. Chloroform + methanol-based Folch a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Bioresource technology 2011, Vol.102 (2), p.1697-1703
Main Authors: Sheng, Jie, Vannela, Raveender, Rittmann, Bruce E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algae
Biodiesel
Biofuel production
Biological and medical sciences
Biomass
Biotechnology
Biotechnology - methods
Chloroform
Chromatography, Gas
Chromatography, Thin Layer
Cyanobacteria
Diglycerides - analysis
Energy
Esters - analysis
Ethyl alcohol
Extraction
Fatty Acids - analysis
Feedstock
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects
Lipid extraction
Lipids
Lipids - analysis
Lipids - isolation & purification
Methyl alcohol
Solubility
Solvents
Solvents - chemistry
Synechocystis
Synechocystis - metabolism
Synechocystis - ultrastructure
Triglycerides - analysis
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Summary:In order to use the photosynthetic cyanobacterium Synechocystis as a source of feedstock for carbon–neutral, nonpetroleum-based diesel fuel, we evaluated several solvents and solvent systems for their ability to extract lipid from wild-type Synechocystis PCC 6803. Chloroform + methanol-based Folch and Bligh & Dyer methods had the highest lipid recoveries. Less toxic solvents, such as methanol and MTBE, or direct trans-esterification of biomass (without pre-extraction step) gave only slightly lower lipid-extraction yields. Ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, hexane, acetic ester, and their combinations were not effective for lipid extraction from Synechocystis (>20% loss), even though they are widely used for non-polar lipid extraction from other feedstock, including algae. We confirmed the success of chloroform + methanol-based extraction by their penetration of the cell membrane system, higher polarity, and stronger interaction with hydrogen bonds. The less-polar solvents not only had lower lipid yield, but also extracted more non-lipid compounds that require extra purification to remove. We also characterized the fatty-acid profile of Synechocystis PCC 6803: C16:0 (∼60%), C16:1 (∼9.5%), C18:0 (∼1.2%), C18:1 (∼2%), C18:2 (∼9.8%), and C18:3 (∼16.5%).
ISSN:0960-8524
1873-2976
DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.007