Studying Possible Cross-Protection of Canada Geese Preexposed to North American Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Strains (H3N8, H4N6, and H5N2) Against an H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Challenge

• Published in: Avian diseases 2010-03, Vol.54 (s1), p.548-554
• Main Authors: Berhane, Y, Leith, M, Embury-Hyatt, C, Neufeld, J, Babiuk, S, Hisanaga, T, Kehler, H, Hooper-McGrevy, K, Pasick, J
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Anseriformes; Antibodies; Antigens; Avian influenza virus; Birds; Branta canadensis; Canada goose; Cell Proliferation; cross reaction; Cross-protection; disease resistance; epidemiology; Fowl plague; Geese; H5N1; H5N1 subtype influenza A virus; H5N2 subtype influenza A virus; highly pathogenic avian influenza; highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1; immune response; Immunohistochemistry; in vitro studies; Infection; Influenza A virus; Influenza A virus - classification; Influenza A virus - immunology; Influenza in Birds - epidemiology; Influenza in Birds - immunology; Influenza in Birds - pathology; Influenza in Birds - virology; Leukocytes, Mononuclear - cytology; Leukocytes, Mononuclear - metabolism; Leukocytes, Mononuclear - virology; low pathogenic avian influenza; low pathogenicity avian influenza; Lung - pathology; monocytes; Morbidity; Mortality; North America - epidemiology; pathogenesis; Pathogenesis and Pathobiology in Avian Species; Pathogenicity; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; strain differences; vaccination; vertebrate viruses; viral antigens; Virus Shedding; Viruses; Waterfowl; Wild birds
• ISSN: 0005-2086; 1938-4351
• DOI: 10.1637/8841-040309-Reg.1

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus infections have caused unprecedented morbidity and mortality in different species of domestic and wild birds in Asia, Europe, and Africa. In our previous study, we demonstrated the susceptibility and potential epidemiologic importance of H5N1 HPAI virus infections in Canada geese. In this study, we investigated the potential of preexposure with North American lineage H3N8, H4N6, and H5N2 low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) viruses to cross-protect Canada geese against a lethal H5N1 HPAI virus challenge. Based on our results, birds that were primed and boosted with an H5N2 LPAI virus survived a lethal H5N1 challenge. In contrast, only two of five birds from the H3N8 group and none of the birds preexposed to H4N6 survived a lethal H5N1 challenge. In vitro cell proliferation assays demonstrated that peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from each group were no better stimulated by homologous vs. heterologous antigens.