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Spontaneous speech in senile dementia and aphasia: Implications for a neurolinguistic model of language production

We analyzed spontaneous speech production in semi-standardized interviews conducted with 10 patients suffering from moderate senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), 5 Wernicke's aphasics, and 5 elderly controls without brain damage. Data analysis revealed in both patient groups a reductio...

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Published in:Cognition 1987-12, Vol.27 (3), p.247-274
Main Authors: Blanken, Gerhard, Dittmann, Jürgen, Haas, J.-Christian, Wallesch, Claus-W.
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container_title Cognition
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creator Blanken, Gerhard
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description We analyzed spontaneous speech production in semi-standardized interviews conducted with 10 patients suffering from moderate senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), 5 Wernicke's aphasics, and 5 elderly controls without brain damage. Data analysis revealed in both patient groups a reduction of sentence length but absence of systematic paragrammatic symptoms on the part of the demented patients. A relatively selectively diminished use of nouns was striking in the production of both patient groups, whereas word finding ability was surprisingly well preserved in the SDAT patients. Both patient groups exhibited marked deficits but different patterns of pathological behaviour on the discourse level of responding to the interviewer's questions. Results are interpreted within a proposed neurolinguistic language production model. It is argued that the formulation process may be preserved in demented patients but is disturbed in aphasia. Language-related disturbances in senile dementia are assumed to result from pre-linguistic disorders in the formation of the conceptual structure of the intended speech act. Nous avons analysé des phrases produites spontanément au cours d'interviews semi-standardisées par dix patients souffrant d'une démence sénile modérée de type Alzheimer, cinq aphasiques de Wernicke et cinq sujets contrôles âgés mais sans atteinte cérébrale. L'analyse a révélé chez les deux groupes de patients une réduction de la longueur des phrases, mais l'absence de symptomes paragrammaticaux systématiques chez les déments séniles. Dans les productions des deux types de patients, l'usage des noms était dénoncée de façon relativement sélective, alors que la capacité de trouver les mots était étonnamment préservée chez les Alzheimer. Les deux groupes ont montré des déficits marqués, mais des comportements pathologiques différents, dans leurs réponses aux questions de l'examinateur. Les résultats sont interprétés dans le cadre d'un modèle neurolinguistique de production du langage. Nous pensons que le processus de formulation peut être préservé chez les déments séniles, mais qu'il est atteint dans l'aphasie. Les désordres du langage observés chez les déments séniles résulteraient de troubles pré-linguistiques dans la formation de la structure conceptuelle de l'acte de parole.
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Nous avons analysé des phrases produites spontanément au cours d'interviews semi-standardisées par dix patients souffrant d'une démence sénile modérée de type Alzheimer, cinq aphasiques de Wernicke et cinq sujets contrôles âgés mais sans atteinte cérébrale. L'analyse a révélé chez les deux groupes de patients une réduction de la longueur des phrases, mais l'absence de symptomes paragrammaticaux systématiques chez les déments séniles. Dans les productions des deux types de patients, l'usage des noms était dénoncée de façon relativement sélective, alors que la capacité de trouver les mots était étonnamment préservée chez les Alzheimer. Les deux groupes ont montré des déficits marqués, mais des comportements pathologiques différents, dans leurs réponses aux questions de l'examinateur. Les résultats sont interprétés dans le cadre d'un modèle neurolinguistique de production du langage. 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Data analysis revealed in both patient groups a reduction of sentence length but absence of systematic paragrammatic symptoms on the part of the demented patients. A relatively selectively diminished use of nouns was striking in the production of both patient groups, whereas word finding ability was surprisingly well preserved in the SDAT patients. Both patient groups exhibited marked deficits but different patterns of pathological behaviour on the discourse level of responding to the interviewer's questions. Results are interpreted within a proposed neurolinguistic language production model. It is argued that the formulation process may be preserved in demented patients but is disturbed in aphasia. Language-related disturbances in senile dementia are assumed to result from pre-linguistic disorders in the formation of the conceptual structure of the intended speech act. Nous avons analysé des phrases produites spontanément au cours d'interviews semi-standardisées par dix patients souffrant d'une démence sénile modérée de type Alzheimer, cinq aphasiques de Wernicke et cinq sujets contrôles âgés mais sans atteinte cérébrale. L'analyse a révélé chez les deux groupes de patients une réduction de la longueur des phrases, mais l'absence de symptomes paragrammaticaux systématiques chez les déments séniles. Dans les productions des deux types de patients, l'usage des noms était dénoncée de façon relativement sélective, alors que la capacité de trouver les mots était étonnamment préservée chez les Alzheimer. Les deux groupes ont montré des déficits marqués, mais des comportements pathologiques différents, dans leurs réponses aux questions de l'examinateur. Les résultats sont interprétés dans le cadre d'un modèle neurolinguistique de production du langage. 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source ScienceDirect Journals; Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA)
subjects Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Alzheimer Disease - psychology
Aphasia - psychology
Aphasia, Wernicke - psychology
Biological and medical sciences
Communication disorders
Female
Humans
Intellectual deficiency
Linguistics
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Models, Psychological
Pathology of language
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Semantics
Speech
title Spontaneous speech in senile dementia and aphasia: Implications for a neurolinguistic model of language production
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