Verbal Communication, Nonverbal Communication, and Private Speech in Lower and Middle Socioeconomic Status Preschool Children

Three types of communication-verbal, nonverbal, and private speech-were investigated in 4- and 5-year-old children. Multiple analyses of variance (MANOVAs) without IQ controlled and multiple analyses of covariance (MANCOVAs) with IQ as a covariate were computed and followed by ANOVAs and ANCOVAs to...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of genetic psychology 1992-06, Vol.153 (2), p.129-138
Main Authors: Quay, Lorene C., Blaney, Robert L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
African Americans - psychology
Biological and medical sciences
Child development
Child Language
Child, Preschool
Developmental psychology
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gender Identity
Humans
Intelligence
Language Development
Low income groups
Male
Nonverbal Communication
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Social classes
Social Environment
Socioeconomic Factors
Speech
Verbal Behavior
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Three types of communication-verbal, nonverbal, and private speech-were investigated in 4- and 5-year-old children. Multiple analyses of variance (MANOVAs) without IQ controlled and multiple analyses of covariance (MANCOVAs) with IQ as a covariate were computed and followed by ANOVAs and ANCOVAs to determine the effects of sex, age, and socioeconomic status (SES) on each of these types of communication. The ANOVAs and the ANCOVAs yielded the same conclusions. Results indicated that age and SES, but not sex, influence the use of the three communication types. From age 4 to age 5, private speech decreased for middle SES children and remained the same for lower SES children. Although lower SES children had more nonverbal communication at both age levels than middle SES children, nonverbal communication decreased for middle SES children and increased for lower SES children between the ages of 4 and 5 years. Both lower and middle SES groups increased in verbal communication between the two ages. The middle SES 4-year-olds used more verbal communication than their lower SES counterparts, and the difference was maintained at age 5. Although IQ is related to verbal communication, statistically controlling for the effects of IQ did not change the conclusions.
ISSN:0022-1325
1940-0896
DOI:10.1080/00221325.1992.10753708