α-enolase: a promising therapeutic and diagnostic tumor target

α-enolase (ENOA) is a metabolic enzyme involved in the synthesis of pyruvate. It also acts as a plasminogen receptor and thus mediates activation of plasmin and extracellular matrix degradation. In tumor cells, ΕΝΟΑ is upregulated and supports anaerobic proliferation (Warburg effect), it is expresse...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The FEBS journal 2011-04, Vol.278 (7), p.1064-1074
Main Authors: Capello, Michela, Ferri-Borgogno, Sammy, Cappello, Paola, Novelli, Francesco
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
acetylation
Adaptive Immunity - physiology
Antigens, Neoplasm - metabolism
cancer
cell-mediated immunity
cells
extracellular matrix
gene expression regulation
gene overexpression
human diseases
Humans
immune response
methylation
neoplasm cells
Neoplasms - diagnosis
Neoplasms - drug therapy
Neoplasms - metabolism
phosphopyruvate hydratase
Phosphopyruvate Hydratase - genetics
Phosphopyruvate Hydratase - metabolism
Phosphopyruvate Hydratase - therapeutic use
phosphorylation
plasmin
plasminogen
Plasminogen - metabolism
post-translational modification
post‐translational modifications
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
proteomics
pyruvates
pyruvic acid
tumor‐associated antigen
α‐enolase
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Summary:α-enolase (ENOA) is a metabolic enzyme involved in the synthesis of pyruvate. It also acts as a plasminogen receptor and thus mediates activation of plasmin and extracellular matrix degradation. In tumor cells, ΕΝΟΑ is upregulated and supports anaerobic proliferation (Warburg effect), it is expressed at the cell surface, where it promotes cancer invasion, and is subjected to a specific array of post-translational modifications, namely acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation. Both ENOA overexpression and its post-translational modifications could be of diagnostic and prognostic value in cancer. This review will discuss recent information on the biochemical, proteomics and immunological characterization of ENOA, particularly its ability to trigger a specific humoral and cellular immune response. In our opinion, this information can pave the way for effective new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies to counteract the growth of the most aggressive human disease.
ISSN:1742-464X
1742-4658
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08025.x