Early response to antipsychotic therapy as a clinical marker of subsequent response in the treatment of patients with first-episode psychosis

• Published in: Psychiatry research 2011-05, Vol.187 (1), p.42-48
• Main Authors: Stauffer, Virginia L, Case, Michael, Kinon, Bruce J, Conley, Robert, Ascher-Svanum, Haya, Kollack-Walker, Sara, Kane, John, McEvoy, Joseph, Lieberman, Jeffrey
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Adult and adolescent clinical studies; Antipsychotic Agents - therapeutic use; Basal Ganglia Diseases - chemically induced; Benzodiazepines - therapeutic use; Biological and medical sciences; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Haloperidol; Haloperidol - therapeutic use; Humans; International Cooperation; Male; Medical sciences; Mental Disorders - drug therapy; Mental Disorders - physiopathology; Neuropharmacology; Olanzapine; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Prediction models; Predictive Value of Tests; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychiatry; Psycholeptics: tranquillizer, neuroleptic; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Psychopharmacology; Psychoses; Schizophrenia; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Weight Gain - drug effects; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0165-1781; 1872-7123
• DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.11.017

Abstract Early response to antipsychotic medication has been shown to accurately predict later response to continued use of the same treatment in patients with chronic schizophrenia. This study examines whether this predictive pattern exists for patients with first-episode psychosis. We used a data-driven threshold for early response of ≥ 26.2% improvement from baseline on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS0–6 ) Total score to determine whether response at Week 2 of treatment may predict response at Week 12 in a randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine versus haloperidol for treatment of patients with first-episode psychosis ( N = 225). Later response was defined as a ≥ 40% and ≥ 50% improvement in PANSS Total0–6 score and as remission. At Week 2, 43% (97/225) of patients were identified as early responders. At a threshold for later response of ≥ 50% improvement in PANSS0–6 Total score, early non-response most strongly predicted later non-response, demonstrating high specificity (74%) and high negative predictive value (80%). As had been seen in the treatment of patients with chronic schizophrenia, early non-response was a robust predictor of subsequent non-response in the treatment of patients with first-episode psychosis.