Absorbable ligation loops for flexible endoscopy: a necessary tool for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery

• Published in: Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2011-04, Vol.73 (4), p.791-797
• Main Authors: Schoenberg, Markus B, Ströbel, Philipp, MD, PhD, von Renteln, Daniel, MD, Eickhoff, Axel, MD, Kähler, Georg F., MD
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Absorbable Implants; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Disease Models, Animal; Endoscopes; Equipment Design; Feasibility Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Gastroenterology. Liver. Pancreas. Abdomen; Hysterectomy - methods; Medical sciences; Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery - methods; Pliability; Prospective Studies; Suture Techniques - instrumentation; Sutures; Swine
• ISSN: 0016-5107; 1097-6779
• DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2010.11.052

Background One of the main challenges of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) remains the development of safe and reliable tools. In this study, we introduce the first absorbable ligatures specifically designed for NOTES. Objective To determine the feasibility of a new absorbable ligation loop (NOTES loop) and to compare this new type of suture with the nonabsorbable loop (Endoloop) most commonly used until now. Design Prospective, comparative animal trial/survival animal study (observation period 21 days) with subsequent histopathological assessment (blinded observer design). Setting Veterinarian center. Subjects This study used 12 female domestic piglets. Intervention Every pig underwent two transgastric uterine horn ligations, one with an absorbable loop and one with a nonabsorbable loop. Additional uterine horn resections on both sides were done on 6 pigs. Main Outcome Measurements Intervention success, loop reliability, foreign-body reaction, extent of inflammatory response (μm). Results Transgastric flexible intra-abdominal ligation of the uterine horns was performed safely with both loops in all cases. During a 3-week observation period, 11 of 11 NOTES loops and 10 of 11 Endoloops were reliable. Microscopically, foreign-body reaction was minimal around both sutures ( P = .303). The overall inflammatory response was larger around the Endoloops ( P = .046). Uterine horn resection had an influence on the extent of inflammation. Limitations Animal study. Conclusion Ligation was feasible with both loops. The absorbable loops were reliable during a 3-week observation period and can be recommended for use during NOTES appendectomies.