First and second branchial arch syndromes: multimodality approach

First and second branchial arch syndromes (BAS) manifest as combined tissue deficiencies and hypoplasias of the face, external ear, middle ear and maxillary and mandibular arches. They represent the second most common craniofacial malformation after cleft lip and palate. Extended knowledge of the em...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pediatric radiology 2011-05, Vol.41 (5), p.549-561
Main Authors: Senggen, Elodie, Laswed, Tarek, Meuwly, Jean-Yves, Maestre, Leonor Alamo, Jaques, Bertrand, Meuli, Reto, Gudinchet, François
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Branchial Region - abnormalities
Branchial Region - diagnostic imaging
Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome - diagnostic imaging
Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome - surgery
Cephalometry
Child
Child, Preschool
Craniofacial Abnormalities - diagnostic imaging
Craniofacial Abnormalities - surgery
Facial Asymmetry - diagnostic imaging
Facial Asymmetry - surgery
Humans
Imaging
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Mandibulofacial Dysostosis - diagnostic imaging
Mandibulofacial Dysostosis - surgery
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Neuroradiology
Nuclear Medicine
Oncology
Pediatrics
Pierre Robin Syndrome - diagnostic imaging
Pierre Robin Syndrome - surgery
Radiography, Panoramic
Radiology
Review
Ultrasound
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Summary:First and second branchial arch syndromes (BAS) manifest as combined tissue deficiencies and hypoplasias of the face, external ear, middle ear and maxillary and mandibular arches. They represent the second most common craniofacial malformation after cleft lip and palate. Extended knowledge of the embryology and anatomy of each branchial arch derivative is mandatory for the diagnosis and grading of different BAS lesions and in the follow-up of postoperative patients. In recent years, many new complex surgical approaches and procedures have been designed by maxillofacial surgeons to treat extensive maxillary, mandibular and external and internal ear deformations. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the role of different imaging modalities (orthopantomogram (OPG), lateral and posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs, CT and MRI) in the diagnosis of a wide spectrum of first and second BAS, including hemifacial microsomia, mandibulofacial dysostosis, branchio-oto-renal syndrome, Pierre Robin sequence and Nager acrofacial dysostosis. Additionally, we aim to emphasize the importance of the systematic use of a multimodality imaging approach to facilitate the precise grading of these syndromes, as well as the preoperative planning of different reconstructive surgical procedures and their follow-up during treatment.
ISSN:0301-0449
1432-1998
DOI:10.1007/s00247-010-1831-3