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Hospital costs, length of stay and mortality associated with childhood, adolescent and young Adult meningococcal disease in the US
Background Assessments of vaccination programmes should account for several important factors, including efficacy, safety and costs of preventing and treating the disease. Because patients with invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) are managed primarily in an inpatient setting, hospital costs and out...
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| Published in: | Applied health economics and health policy 2011-05, Vol.9 (3), p.197-207 |
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| creator | Davis, Keith L. Bell, Timothy J. Miller, Jacqueline M. Misurski, Derek A. Bapat, Bela |
| description | Background
Assessments of vaccination programmes should account for several important factors, including efficacy, safety and costs of preventing and treating the disease. Because patients with invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) are managed primarily in an inpatient setting, hospital costs and outcomes are central endpoints in health economic evaluations of IMD.
Objective
The aim of the study was to estimate hospital costs, length of stay (LOS) and mortality associated with IMD among children, adolescents and young adults in the US.
Methods
The study design was a retrospective analysis of discharges from the 2006 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids’ Inpatient Database. Infant ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2165/11587330-000000000-00000 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_863424148</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A255038157</galeid><sourcerecordid>A255038157</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c556t-1b1e4fb90a6bd219c8d3bc17890de2d1c0a803d9c868c1386b86e031d1b559ea3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkk1v1DAQhiMEoqXwF5AFBy5N8cfasY9VBbRSJQ7Qs-XYk41LYofYodorvxy36S4CIZHo1Uzs552MPK4qRPAZJYK_J4TLhjFc4_2zZk-qY0IaVROpxNOHnNdccHpUvUjpFmMqhNo8r44o4VgIyo-rn5cxTT6bAdmYcjpFA4Rt7lHsUMpmh0xwaIxzAXwuXylF600Gh-58oWzvB9fH6E6RcXGAZCHkB88uLmGLzt0yZDRC8GEbbbS2_Mf5BCYB8gHlHtDNl5fVs84MCV49xpPq5uOHrxeX9fXnT1cX59e15VzkmrQENl2rsBGto0RZ6VhrSSMVdkAdsdhIzFxZF9ISJkUrBWBGHGk5V2DYSfVurTvN8fsCKevRl4aHwQSIS9JSsA3dkI0s5Ju_yNu4zKE0VyAqGBOKFejtCm3NANqHLubZ2PuS-pxyjpkkvCnU2T-o8joYvY0BOl_W_zDI1WDnmNIMnZ5mP5p5pwnW98PX--Hrw_DXrFivVusME9iD7-5bb3ow_aR_aGZU0a6IYkJK8EWsaCoiqtEUN7rPY6n1-vEIlnYEdyi2vzkFUCuQylbYwvz7jP7b6C9JyNKg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>862633693</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Hospital costs, length of stay and mortality associated with childhood, adolescent and young Adult meningococcal disease in the US</title><source>EconLit s plnými texty</source><source>Social Science Premium Collection</source><source>ABI/INFORM Global</source><source>Politics Collection</source><source>Springer Nature</source><source>PAIS Index</source><creator>Davis, Keith L. ; Bell, Timothy J. ; Miller, Jacqueline M. ; Misurski, Derek A. ; Bapat, Bela</creator><creatorcontrib>Davis, Keith L. ; Bell, Timothy J. ; Miller, Jacqueline M. ; Misurski, Derek A. ; Bapat, Bela</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Assessments of vaccination programmes should account for several important factors, including efficacy, safety and costs of preventing and treating the disease. Because patients with invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) are managed primarily in an inpatient setting, hospital costs and outcomes are central endpoints in health economic evaluations of IMD.
Objective
The aim of the study was to estimate hospital costs, length of stay (LOS) and mortality associated with IMD among children, adolescents and young adults in the US.
Methods
The study design was a retrospective analysis of discharges from the 2006 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids’ Inpatient Database. Infant (<1 year), childhood (1–10 years), adolescent (11–18 years) and young adult (19–20 years) IMD-related hospitalizations (
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification
[ICD-9-CM] code 036) were selected. Regression-adjusted costs ($US, year 2009 values), LOS and mortality risk were compared between IMD hospitalizations and demographically matched (5:1) controls.
Results
A weighted total of 735 IMD admissions were identified. Among children, adjusted mean LOS and cost per admission was highest for infants (9.0 days and $US36454 among cases vs 1.9 days and $US5041 for controls; all p< 0.0001). Adjusted costs and case fatality was highest among infants with meningococcal sepsis ($US49 626 and 11.6%, respectively). Versus controls, adjusted risks of death in IMD cases were 4.6- and 10.3-fold higher, respectively, for infants and adolescents (both p < 0.05).
Conclusions
While the advent of vaccines for
Haemophilus influenzae
and
Streptococcus pneumoniae
has curtailed invasive bacterial infection rates, IMD continues to be a public health concern that presents greatly increased hospital costs, LOS and mortality risk, particularly for infants and adolescents.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1175-5652</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1179-1896</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2165/11587330-000000000-00000</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21506625</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adolescents ; Analysis ; Bacterial diseases ; Bacterial infections ; Care and treatment ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Cost-of-illness ; Cross infection ; Diagnosis ; Economic aspects ; Fatalities ; Female ; Health Administration ; Health Economics ; Health risks ; Hospital Costs ; Hospitalisation ; Hospitalization - economics ; Humans ; Immunization ; Infant ; Infants ; Length of Stay - economics ; Male ; Medical care, Cost of ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Meningococcal infections ; Meningococcal Infections - economics ; Meningococcal Infections - epidemiology ; Meningococcal Infections - mortality ; Mortality ; Mortality risk ; Neisseria meningitidis - isolation & purification ; Nosocomial infections ; Original Research Article ; Patient Discharge ; Pharmacoeconomics and Health Outcomes ; Public Health ; Quality of Life Research ; Retrospective Studies ; Teenagers ; United States - epidemiology ; Young Adult ; Young adults</subject><ispartof>Applied health economics and health policy, 2011-05, Vol.9 (3), p.197-207</ispartof><rights>Adis Data Information BV 2011</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright Wolters Kluwer Health Adis International May 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c556t-1b1e4fb90a6bd219c8d3bc17890de2d1c0a803d9c868c1386b86e031d1b559ea3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c556t-1b1e4fb90a6bd219c8d3bc17890de2d1c0a803d9c868c1386b86e031d1b559ea3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/862633693/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/862633693?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,11688,21387,21394,27866,27924,27925,33611,33612,33985,33986,36060,36061,43733,43948,44363,74221,74468,74895</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21506625$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttp://econpapers.repec.org/article/wkhaheahp/v_3a9_3ay_3a2011_3ai_3a3_3ap_3a197-207.htm$$DView record in RePEc$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Davis, Keith L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bell, Timothy J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miller, Jacqueline M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Misurski, Derek A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bapat, Bela</creatorcontrib><title>Hospital costs, length of stay and mortality associated with childhood, adolescent and young Adult meningococcal disease in the US</title><title>Applied health economics and health policy</title><addtitle>Appl Health Econ Health Policy</addtitle><addtitle>Appl Health Econ Health Policy</addtitle><description>Background
Assessments of vaccination programmes should account for several important factors, including efficacy, safety and costs of preventing and treating the disease. Because patients with invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) are managed primarily in an inpatient setting, hospital costs and outcomes are central endpoints in health economic evaluations of IMD.
Objective
The aim of the study was to estimate hospital costs, length of stay (LOS) and mortality associated with IMD among children, adolescents and young adults in the US.
Methods
The study design was a retrospective analysis of discharges from the 2006 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids’ Inpatient Database. Infant (<1 year), childhood (1–10 years), adolescent (11–18 years) and young adult (19–20 years) IMD-related hospitalizations (
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification
[ICD-9-CM] code 036) were selected. Regression-adjusted costs ($US, year 2009 values), LOS and mortality risk were compared between IMD hospitalizations and demographically matched (5:1) controls.
Results
A weighted total of 735 IMD admissions were identified. Among children, adjusted mean LOS and cost per admission was highest for infants (9.0 days and $US36454 among cases vs 1.9 days and $US5041 for controls; all p< 0.0001). Adjusted costs and case fatality was highest among infants with meningococcal sepsis ($US49 626 and 11.6%, respectively). Versus controls, adjusted risks of death in IMD cases were 4.6- and 10.3-fold higher, respectively, for infants and adolescents (both p < 0.05).
Conclusions
While the advent of vaccines for
Haemophilus influenzae
and
Streptococcus pneumoniae
has curtailed invasive bacterial infection rates, IMD continues to be a public health concern that presents greatly increased hospital costs, LOS and mortality risk, particularly for infants and adolescents.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Bacterial infections</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Cost-of-illness</subject><subject>Cross infection</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Economic aspects</subject><subject>Fatalities</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health Administration</subject><subject>Health Economics</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Hospital Costs</subject><subject>Hospitalisation</subject><subject>Hospitalization - economics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunization</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>Length of Stay - economics</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical care, Cost of</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Meningococcal infections</subject><subject>Meningococcal Infections - economics</subject><subject>Meningococcal Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Meningococcal Infections - mortality</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Mortality risk</subject><subject>Neisseria meningitidis - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Nosocomial infections</subject><subject>Original Research Article</subject><subject>Patient Discharge</subject><subject>Pharmacoeconomics and Health Outcomes</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Quality of Life Research</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Teenagers</subject><subject>United States - epidemiology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><subject>Young adults</subject><issn>1175-5652</issn><issn>1179-1896</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>7TQ</sourceid><sourceid>ALSLI</sourceid><sourceid>DPSOV</sourceid><sourceid>M0C</sourceid><sourceid>M2L</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkk1v1DAQhiMEoqXwF5AFBy5N8cfasY9VBbRSJQ7Qs-XYk41LYofYodorvxy36S4CIZHo1Uzs552MPK4qRPAZJYK_J4TLhjFc4_2zZk-qY0IaVROpxNOHnNdccHpUvUjpFmMqhNo8r44o4VgIyo-rn5cxTT6bAdmYcjpFA4Rt7lHsUMpmh0xwaIxzAXwuXylF600Gh-58oWzvB9fH6E6RcXGAZCHkB88uLmGLzt0yZDRC8GEbbbS2_Mf5BCYB8gHlHtDNl5fVs84MCV49xpPq5uOHrxeX9fXnT1cX59e15VzkmrQENl2rsBGto0RZ6VhrSSMVdkAdsdhIzFxZF9ISJkUrBWBGHGk5V2DYSfVurTvN8fsCKevRl4aHwQSIS9JSsA3dkI0s5Ju_yNu4zKE0VyAqGBOKFejtCm3NANqHLubZ2PuS-pxyjpkkvCnU2T-o8joYvY0BOl_W_zDI1WDnmNIMnZ5mP5p5pwnW98PX--Hrw_DXrFivVusME9iD7-5bb3ow_aR_aGZU0a6IYkJK8EWsaCoiqtEUN7rPY6n1-vEIlnYEdyi2vzkFUCuQylbYwvz7jP7b6C9JyNKg</recordid><startdate>20110501</startdate><enddate>20110501</enddate><creator>Davis, Keith L.</creator><creator>Bell, Timothy J.</creator><creator>Miller, Jacqueline M.</creator><creator>Misurski, Derek A.</creator><creator>Bapat, Bela</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Healthcare | Adis</general><general>Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>DKI</scope><scope>X2L</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4T-</scope><scope>7TQ</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DHY</scope><scope>DON</scope><scope>DPSOV</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KC-</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2L</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110501</creationdate><title>Hospital costs, length of stay and mortality associated with childhood, adolescent and young Adult meningococcal disease in the US</title><author>Davis, Keith L. ; Bell, Timothy J. ; Miller, Jacqueline M. ; Misurski, Derek A. ; Bapat, Bela</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c556t-1b1e4fb90a6bd219c8d3bc17890de2d1c0a803d9c868c1386b86e031d1b559ea3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adolescents</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Bacterial diseases</topic><topic>Bacterial infections</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Cost-of-illness</topic><topic>Cross infection</topic><topic>Diagnosis</topic><topic>Economic aspects</topic><topic>Fatalities</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health Administration</topic><topic>Health Economics</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Hospital Costs</topic><topic>Hospitalisation</topic><topic>Hospitalization - economics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunization</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infants</topic><topic>Length of Stay - economics</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical care, Cost of</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Meningococcal infections</topic><topic>Meningococcal Infections - economics</topic><topic>Meningococcal Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Meningococcal Infections - mortality</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Mortality risk</topic><topic>Neisseria meningitidis - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Nosocomial infections</topic><topic>Original Research Article</topic><topic>Patient Discharge</topic><topic>Pharmacoeconomics and Health Outcomes</topic><topic>Public Health</topic><topic>Quality of Life Research</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Teenagers</topic><topic>United States - epidemiology</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><topic>Young adults</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Davis, Keith L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bell, Timothy J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miller, Jacqueline M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Misurski, Derek A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bapat, Bela</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>RePEc IDEAS</collection><collection>RePEc</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection【Remote access available】</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Docstoc</collection><collection>PAIS Index</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Social Science Premium Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>PAIS International</collection><collection>PAIS International (Ovid)</collection><collection>Politics Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Politics Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Political Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Applied health economics and health policy</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Davis, Keith L.</au><au>Bell, Timothy J.</au><au>Miller, Jacqueline M.</au><au>Misurski, Derek A.</au><au>Bapat, Bela</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Hospital costs, length of stay and mortality associated with childhood, adolescent and young Adult meningococcal disease in the US</atitle><jtitle>Applied health economics and health policy</jtitle><stitle>Appl Health Econ Health Policy</stitle><addtitle>Appl Health Econ Health Policy</addtitle><date>2011-05-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>197</spage><epage>207</epage><pages>197-207</pages><issn>1175-5652</issn><eissn>1179-1896</eissn><abstract>Background
Assessments of vaccination programmes should account for several important factors, including efficacy, safety and costs of preventing and treating the disease. Because patients with invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) are managed primarily in an inpatient setting, hospital costs and outcomes are central endpoints in health economic evaluations of IMD.
Objective
The aim of the study was to estimate hospital costs, length of stay (LOS) and mortality associated with IMD among children, adolescents and young adults in the US.
Methods
The study design was a retrospective analysis of discharges from the 2006 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids’ Inpatient Database. Infant (<1 year), childhood (1–10 years), adolescent (11–18 years) and young adult (19–20 years) IMD-related hospitalizations (
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification
[ICD-9-CM] code 036) were selected. Regression-adjusted costs ($US, year 2009 values), LOS and mortality risk were compared between IMD hospitalizations and demographically matched (5:1) controls.
Results
A weighted total of 735 IMD admissions were identified. Among children, adjusted mean LOS and cost per admission was highest for infants (9.0 days and $US36454 among cases vs 1.9 days and $US5041 for controls; all p< 0.0001). Adjusted costs and case fatality was highest among infants with meningococcal sepsis ($US49 626 and 11.6%, respectively). Versus controls, adjusted risks of death in IMD cases were 4.6- and 10.3-fold higher, respectively, for infants and adolescents (both p < 0.05).
Conclusions
While the advent of vaccines for
Haemophilus influenzae
and
Streptococcus pneumoniae
has curtailed invasive bacterial infection rates, IMD continues to be a public health concern that presents greatly increased hospital costs, LOS and mortality risk, particularly for infants and adolescents.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>21506625</pmid><doi>10.2165/11587330-000000000-00000</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Applied health economics and health policy, 2011-05, Vol.9 (3), p.197-207 |
| issn | 1175-5652 1179-1896 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_863424148 |
| source | EconLit s plnými texty; Social Science Premium Collection; ABI/INFORM Global; Politics Collection; Springer Nature; PAIS Index |
| subjects | Adolescent Adolescents Analysis Bacterial diseases Bacterial infections Care and treatment Child Child, Preschool Children Cost-of-illness Cross infection Diagnosis Economic aspects Fatalities Female Health Administration Health Economics Health risks Hospital Costs Hospitalisation Hospitalization - economics Humans Immunization Infant Infants Length of Stay - economics Male Medical care, Cost of Medicine Medicine & Public Health Meningococcal infections Meningococcal Infections - economics Meningococcal Infections - epidemiology Meningococcal Infections - mortality Mortality Mortality risk Neisseria meningitidis - isolation & purification Nosocomial infections Original Research Article Patient Discharge Pharmacoeconomics and Health Outcomes Public Health Quality of Life Research Retrospective Studies Teenagers United States - epidemiology Young Adult Young adults |
| title | Hospital costs, length of stay and mortality associated with childhood, adolescent and young Adult meningococcal disease in the US |
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