Validity and reliability of the patient’s perception of intensity of urgency scale in overactive bladder

• Published in: BJU international 2011-05, Vol.107 (10), p.1612-1617
• Main Authors: Cartwright, Rufus, Srikrishna, Sushma, Cardozo, Linda, Robinson, Dudley
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; anticholinergic; Biological and medical sciences; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Humans; Mandelic Acids - therapeutic use; Medical Records; Medical sciences; Muscarinic Antagonists - therapeutic use; Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases; overactive bladder; oxybutynin; patient goals; Perception; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index; urge urinary incontinence; Urinary Bladder, Overactive - complications; Urinary Bladder, Overactive - drug therapy; Urinary Bladder, Overactive - psychology; Urinary Incontinence, Urge - drug therapy; Urinary Incontinence, Urge - etiology; Urinary Incontinence, Urge - psychology; Urinary system involvement in other diseases. Miscellaneous; Urinary tract. Prostate gland; urinary urgency
• ISSN: 1464-4096; 1464-410X
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09684.x

Study Type – Prognosis (outcomes research) 
Level of Evidence 2c What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Improvement in urinary urgency is an important goal for patients with overactive bladder, and should be measured along with change in other key symptoms in overactive bladder clinical trials. Existing scales that measure urinary urgency during completion of a bladder diary have incomplete evidence of validity. Used as part of a 3‐day bladder diary the Patient’s Perception of Intensity of Urgency Scale has good test‐retest reliability and responsiveness. It correlates with other measures of condition severity, and distinguishes well between patient groups. The scale should therefore be useful both in clinical practice and in research. OBJECTIVE •  To assess the measurement characteristics of the Patient Perception of Intensity of Urgency Scale (PPIUS) in patients with overactive bladder (OAB). PATIENTS AND METHODS •  Adult women with at least a 3‐month history of OAB. The design was a 4‐week, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of transdermal oxybutynin, with a 2‐week placebo run‐in and 8‐week, open‐label extension. •  Symptom improvement was assessed using 3‐day bladder diaries incorporating the PPIUS, and disease‐specific health‐related quality of life was assessed using the King’s Health Questionnaire (KHQ). Convergent validity was shown by correlation with the KHQ, and other bladder diary variables. Known groups validity was assessed by comparison of baseline mean urge ratings, and urgency episode frequency for continent and incontinent patients, and by comparison with the same measures from a historical control group of 40 asymptomatic female volunteers. •  Between‐ and within‐groups responsiveness was assessed using standardized effect sizes (Cohen’s d and effect size r). Reliability was assessed for the two arms of the trial at different time points and intervals, using intraclass correlation (ICC) and a t‐test for the difference between mean scores. RESULTS •  In total, 96 women were randomized. Urgency episode frequency showed moderate correlation with total KHQ score (r= 0.500, P < 0.001) and with daytime and night‐time voiding frequency. •  There were significant differences in continent and incontinent subgroups for mean urge ratings (difference in means, −0.61/void, P < 0.001), and urgency episodes (difference in means, −2.67 episodes/day, P < 0.001), as well as between OAB patients and normal controls (mean