Influence of ball milling parameters on the particle size of barium titanate nanocrystalline powders

Barium titanate (BaTiO 3 or BT) powder was synthesized from BaCO 3–TiO 2 reaction at high temperature. This powder was then used to produce BT nanocrystalline powders using high-energy ball milling under different milling conditions. All the milled powders were examined by XRD and TEM. The particle...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physica. B, Condensed matter Condensed matter, 2010, Vol.405 (1), p.430-434
Main Authors: Nath, A.K., Jiten, Chongtham, Singh, K. Chandramani
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ball milling
Barium titanate
Barium titanates
Condensed matter
Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science
rheology
Exact sciences and technology
High-energy milling
Materials science
Mathematical analysis
Milling energy
Milling time
Nanocrystalline materials
Nanocrystals
Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization
Particle size
Physics
Transmission electron microscopy
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Summary:Barium titanate (BaTiO 3 or BT) powder was synthesized from BaCO 3–TiO 2 reaction at high temperature. This powder was then used to produce BT nanocrystalline powders using high-energy ball milling under different milling conditions. All the milled powders were examined by XRD and TEM. The particle sizes calculated by the Sherrer formula from the XRD patterns agree with the results of TEM images. The particle size was investigated by varying (i) the speed of the mill from 200 to 400 rpm with regular interval of 50 rpm, fixing the milling time at 30 h, and (ii) the milling time from 15 to 40 h, at a fixed speed of 300 rpm. The increase in milling speed results in a gradual reduction in particle size till it finally reaches a saturation value of about 18 nm. However, with increasing milling time, the particle size first decreases, attains a minimum value of about 16 nm and then increases. The involved mechanisms of the observed results are discussed in the present paper.
ISSN:0921-4526
1873-2135
DOI:10.1016/j.physb.2009.08.299