Circadian oscillation of a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila period gene

• Published in: Nature (London) 1997-10, Vol.389 (6650), p.512-516
• Main Authors: Tei, Hajime, Okamura, Hitoshi, Shigeyoshi, Yasufumi, Fukuhara, Chiaki, Ozawa, Ritsuko, Hirose, Matsumi, Sakaki, Yoshiyuki
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Biological and medical sciences; Brain - metabolism; Chronobiology; Circadian rhythm; Circadian Rhythm - genetics; Circadian Rhythm - physiology; Circadian rhythms; CLOCK Proteins; Cloning, Molecular; Drosophila; Drosophila Proteins; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Genes; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Insects; letter; Locomotor activity; Male; Mammals; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microorganisms; Molecular Sequence Data; multidisciplinary; Nuclear Proteins - genetics; Nuclear Proteins - metabolism; Nuclear Proteins - physiology; Peptides; Period Circadian Proteins; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger - metabolism; Rodents; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus - metabolism; Trans-Activators - genetics; Trans-Activators - physiology; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
• ISSN: 0028-0836; 1476-4687
• DOI: 10.1038/39086

Many biochemical, physiological and behavioural processes in organisms ranging from microorganisms to vertebrates exhibit circadian rhythms. In Drosophila, the gene period (per) is required for the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and eclosion behaviour. Oscillation in the levels of per mRNA and Period (dPer) protein in the fly brain is thought to be responsible for the rhythmicity,. However, no per homologues in animals other than insects have been identified. Here we identify the human and mouse genes (hPER and mPer, respectively) encoding PAS-domain (PAS, a dimerization domain present in Per, Amt and Sim)-containing polypeptides that are highly homologous to dPer. Besides this structural resemblance, mPer shows autonomous circadian oscillation in its expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is the primary circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain,. Clock, a mammalian clock gene encoding a PAS-containing polypeptide,, has now been cloned: it is likely that the Per homologues dimerize with other molecule(s) such as Clock through PAS-PAS interaction in the circadian clock system.