miRNAs Stem Cell Reprogramming for Neuronal Induction and Differentiation

Mimicking the natural brain environment during neurogenesis represents the main challenge for efficient in vitro neuronal differentiation of stem cells. The discovery of miRNAs opens new possibilities in terms of modulation of stem cells lineage commitment and differentiation. Many studies demonstra...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular neurobiology 2011-06, Vol.43 (3), p.215-227
Main Authors: Perruisseau-Carrier, Claire, Jurga, Marcin, Forraz, Nico, McGuckin, Colin P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cell Biology
Cell Differentiation - genetics
Cellular Reprogramming - genetics
Humans
MicroRNAs - genetics
MicroRNAs - metabolism
Neurobiology
Neurogenesis - genetics
Neurology
Neurons
Neurons - cytology
Neurons - metabolism
Neurosciences
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
Stem cells
Stem Cells - cytology
Stem Cells - metabolism
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Summary:Mimicking the natural brain environment during neurogenesis represents the main challenge for efficient in vitro neuronal differentiation of stem cells. The discovery of miRNAs opens new possibilities in terms of modulation of stem cells lineage commitment and differentiation. Many studies demonstrated that in vitro transient overexpression or inhibition of brain-specific miRNAs in stem cells significantly directed differentiation along neuronal cell lineages. Modulating miRNA expression offers new pathways for post-transcriptional gene regulation and stem cell commitment. Neurotrophins and neuropoietins signaling pathways are the main field of investigation for neuronal commitment, differentiation, and maturation. This review will highlight examples of crosstalk between stem-cell-specific and brain-specific signaling pathways and key miRNA candidates for neuronal commitment. Recent progress on understanding miRNAs genetic networks offers promising prospects for their increasing application in the development of new cellular therapies in humans.
ISSN:0893-7648
1559-1182
DOI:10.1007/s12035-011-8179-z