Effect of Electrospun Fiber Diameter and Alignment on Macrophage Activation and Secretion of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines

Macrophage activation can be modulated by biomaterial topography according to the biological scale (micrometric and nanometric range). In this study, we investigated the effect of fiber diameter and fiber alignment of electrospun poly(l-lactic) (PLLA) scaffolds on macrophage RAW 264.7 activation and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomacromolecules 2011-05, Vol.12 (5), p.1900-1911
Main Authors: Saino, Enrica, Focarete, Maria Letizia, Gualandi, Chiara, Emanuele, Enzo, Cornaglia, Antonia I, Imbriani, Marcello, Visai, Livia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Applied sciences
Biological and medical sciences
Cell Line
Chemokines - secretion
Cytokines - secretion
Exact sciences and technology
Fibers and threads
Forms of application and semi-finished materials
Inflammation Mediators - metabolism
Macrophage Activation
Macrophages - secretion
Medical sciences
Mice
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Polymer industry, paints, wood
Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases
Technology of polymers
Technology. Biomaterials. Equipments
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Summary:Macrophage activation can be modulated by biomaterial topography according to the biological scale (micrometric and nanometric range). In this study, we investigated the effect of fiber diameter and fiber alignment of electrospun poly(l-lactic) (PLLA) scaffolds on macrophage RAW 264.7 activation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines at 24 h and 7 days. Macrophages were cultured on four different types of fibrous PLLA scaffold (aligned microfibers, aligned nanofibers, random microfibers, and random nanofibers) and on PLLA film (used as a reference). Substrate topography was found to influence the immune response activated by macrophages, especially in the early inflammation stage. Secretion of proinflammatory molecules by macrophage cells was chiefly dependent on fiber diameter. In particular, nanofibrous PLLA scaffolds minimized the inflammatory response when compared with films and microfibrous scaffolds. The histological evaluation demonstrated a higher number of foreign body giant cells on the PLLA film than on the micro- and nanofibrous scaffolds. In summary, our results indicate that the diameter of electrospun PLLA fibers, rather than fiber alignment, plays a relevant role in influencing in vitro macrophage activation and secretion of proinflammatory molecules.
ISSN:1525-7797
1526-4602
DOI:10.1021/bm200248h