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Medicaid Expansions and Fertility in the United States
Beginning in the mid-1980s and extending through the early to mid-1990s, a substantial number of women and children in the United States gained eligibility for Medicaid through a series of income-based expansions. Using natality data from the National Center for Health Statistics, we estimate fertil...
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Published in: | Demography 2011-05, Vol.48 (2), p.725-747 |
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description | Beginning in the mid-1980s and extending through the early to mid-1990s, a substantial number of women and children in the United States gained eligibility for Medicaid through a series of income-based expansions. Using natality data from the National Center for Health Statistics, we estimate fertility responses to these eligibility expansions. We follow Currie and Gruber (2001) and measure changes in state Medicaid-eligibility policy by simulating the fraction of a standard population that would qualify for benefits in different states and different time periods. From 1985 to 1996, the fraction of women aged 15-44 who were eligible for Medicaid coverage for a pregnancy increased more than 20 percentage points. When we use a state and year fixed-effects model with a limited set of covariates, our estimates indicate that fertility increases in response to Medicaid expansions. However, after we include fixed effects for demographic characteristics, the estimated relationship diminishes substantially in size and is no longer statistically significant. We conclude that there is no robust relationship between Medicaid expansions and fertility. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s13524-011-0031-6 |
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Using natality data from the National Center for Health Statistics, we estimate fertility responses to these eligibility expansions. We follow Currie and Gruber (2001) and measure changes in state Medicaid-eligibility policy by simulating the fraction of a standard population that would qualify for benefits in different states and different time periods. From 1985 to 1996, the fraction of women aged 15-44 who were eligible for Medicaid coverage for a pregnancy increased more than 20 percentage points. When we use a state and year fixed-effects model with a limited set of covariates, our estimates indicate that fertility increases in response to Medicaid expansions. However, after we include fixed effects for demographic characteristics, the estimated relationship diminishes substantially in size and is no longer statistically significant. We conclude that there is no robust relationship between Medicaid expansions and fertility.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0070-3370</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1533-7790</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s13524-011-0031-6</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21499849</identifier><identifier>CODEN: DMGYAH</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: Springer</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; African Americans ; Birth Rate - trends ; Childbirth ; Children ; Demographics ; Demography ; Eligibility ; Eligibility Determination - economics ; Eligibility Determination - trends ; Entitlement programs ; Estimation ; Female ; Females ; Fertility ; Geography ; Health ; Health care ; Health insurance ; Health services ; Health Services Accessibility - economics ; Health Services Accessibility - statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Income ; Insurance coverage ; Insurance Coverage - economics ; Insurance Coverage - trends ; Marital status ; Medicaid ; Medicaid - economics ; Medicaid - statistics & numerical data ; Medical care ; Medical treatment ; Medicine/Public Health ; Opportunity costs ; Population Dynamics ; Population Economics ; Poverty ; Pregnancy ; REPRODUCTION BEHAVIOR ; Social Sciences ; Sociodemographic Factors ; Sociology ; Statistical significance ; Studies ; U.S.A ; United States ; United States of America ; Welfare Recipients ; White people ; Women ; Womens health ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Demography, 2011-05, Vol.48 (2), p.725-747</ispartof><rights>2011 Population Association of America</rights><rights>Population Association of America 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c564t-fbff45aac075f7c2e726a5af4d9b09e91dd5ff377d4e06902cb90bbf6be5caae3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c564t-fbff45aac075f7c2e726a5af4d9b09e91dd5ff377d4e06902cb90bbf6be5caae3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/916891959/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/916891959?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,11667,12826,21373,21374,27321,27901,27902,33200,33201,33588,33589,33751,33752,34507,34508,36037,36038,43709,44091,44339,73964,74382,74638</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21499849$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>DeLeire, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lopoo, Leonard M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simon, Kosali I.</creatorcontrib><title>Medicaid Expansions and Fertility in the United States</title><title>Demography</title><addtitle>Demography</addtitle><addtitle>Demography</addtitle><description>Beginning in the mid-1980s and extending through the early to mid-1990s, a substantial number of women and children in the United States gained eligibility for Medicaid through a series of income-based expansions. Using natality data from the National Center for Health Statistics, we estimate fertility responses to these eligibility expansions. We follow Currie and Gruber (2001) and measure changes in state Medicaid-eligibility policy by simulating the fraction of a standard population that would qualify for benefits in different states and different time periods. From 1985 to 1996, the fraction of women aged 15-44 who were eligible for Medicaid coverage for a pregnancy increased more than 20 percentage points. When we use a state and year fixed-effects model with a limited set of covariates, our estimates indicate that fertility increases in response to Medicaid expansions. However, after we include fixed effects for demographic characteristics, the estimated relationship diminishes substantially in size and is no longer statistically significant. We conclude that there is no robust relationship between Medicaid expansions and fertility.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>African Americans</subject><subject>Birth Rate - trends</subject><subject>Childbirth</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Demographics</subject><subject>Demography</subject><subject>Eligibility</subject><subject>Eligibility Determination - economics</subject><subject>Eligibility Determination - trends</subject><subject>Entitlement programs</subject><subject>Estimation</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Fertility</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>Health</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>Health insurance</subject><subject>Health services</subject><subject>Health Services Accessibility - economics</subject><subject>Health Services Accessibility - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Income</subject><subject>Insurance coverage</subject><subject>Insurance Coverage - economics</subject><subject>Insurance Coverage - trends</subject><subject>Marital status</subject><subject>Medicaid</subject><subject>Medicaid - economics</subject><subject>Medicaid - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Medical care</subject><subject>Medical treatment</subject><subject>Medicine/Public Health</subject><subject>Opportunity costs</subject><subject>Population Dynamics</subject><subject>Population Economics</subject><subject>Poverty</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>REPRODUCTION BEHAVIOR</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Sociodemographic Factors</subject><subject>Sociology</subject><subject>Statistical significance</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>U.S.A</subject><subject>United States</subject><subject>United States of America</subject><subject>Welfare Recipients</subject><subject>White people</subject><subject>Women</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><subject>Young 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Using natality data from the National Center for Health Statistics, we estimate fertility responses to these eligibility expansions. We follow Currie and Gruber (2001) and measure changes in state Medicaid-eligibility policy by simulating the fraction of a standard population that would qualify for benefits in different states and different time periods. From 1985 to 1996, the fraction of women aged 15-44 who were eligible for Medicaid coverage for a pregnancy increased more than 20 percentage points. When we use a state and year fixed-effects model with a limited set of covariates, our estimates indicate that fertility increases in response to Medicaid expansions. However, after we include fixed effects for demographic characteristics, the estimated relationship diminishes substantially in size and is no longer statistically significant. We conclude that there is no robust relationship between Medicaid expansions and fertility.</abstract><cop>Boston</cop><pub>Springer</pub><pmid>21499849</pmid><doi>10.1007/s13524-011-0031-6</doi><tpages>23</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adolescent Adult African Americans Birth Rate - trends Childbirth Children Demographics Demography Eligibility Eligibility Determination - economics Eligibility Determination - trends Entitlement programs Estimation Female Females Fertility Geography Health Health care Health insurance Health services Health Services Accessibility - economics Health Services Accessibility - statistics & numerical data Humans Income Insurance coverage Insurance Coverage - economics Insurance Coverage - trends Marital status Medicaid Medicaid - economics Medicaid - statistics & numerical data Medical care Medical treatment Medicine/Public Health Opportunity costs Population Dynamics Population Economics Poverty Pregnancy REPRODUCTION BEHAVIOR Social Sciences Sociodemographic Factors Sociology Statistical significance Studies U.S.A United States United States of America Welfare Recipients White people Women Womens health Young Adult |
title | Medicaid Expansions and Fertility in the United States |
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