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Medicaid Expansions and Fertility in the United States

Beginning in the mid-1980s and extending through the early to mid-1990s, a substantial number of women and children in the United States gained eligibility for Medicaid through a series of income-based expansions. Using natality data from the National Center for Health Statistics, we estimate fertil...

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Published in:Demography 2011-05, Vol.48 (2), p.725-747
Main Authors: DeLeire, Thomas, Lopoo, Leonard M., Simon, Kosali I.
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description Beginning in the mid-1980s and extending through the early to mid-1990s, a substantial number of women and children in the United States gained eligibility for Medicaid through a series of income-based expansions. Using natality data from the National Center for Health Statistics, we estimate fertility responses to these eligibility expansions. We follow Currie and Gruber (2001) and measure changes in state Medicaid-eligibility policy by simulating the fraction of a standard population that would qualify for benefits in different states and different time periods. From 1985 to 1996, the fraction of women aged 15-44 who were eligible for Medicaid coverage for a pregnancy increased more than 20 percentage points. When we use a state and year fixed-effects model with a limited set of covariates, our estimates indicate that fertility increases in response to Medicaid expansions. However, after we include fixed effects for demographic characteristics, the estimated relationship diminishes substantially in size and is no longer statistically significant. We conclude that there is no robust relationship between Medicaid expansions and fertility.
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subjects Adolescent
Adult
African Americans
Birth Rate - trends
Childbirth
Children
Demographics
Demography
Eligibility
Eligibility Determination - economics
Eligibility Determination - trends
Entitlement programs
Estimation
Female
Females
Fertility
Geography
Health
Health care
Health insurance
Health services
Health Services Accessibility - economics
Health Services Accessibility - statistics & numerical data
Humans
Income
Insurance coverage
Insurance Coverage - economics
Insurance Coverage - trends
Marital status
Medicaid
Medicaid - economics
Medicaid - statistics & numerical data
Medical care
Medical treatment
Medicine/Public Health
Opportunity costs
Population Dynamics
Population Economics
Poverty
Pregnancy
REPRODUCTION BEHAVIOR
Social Sciences
Sociodemographic Factors
Sociology
Statistical significance
Studies
U.S.A
United States
United States of America
Welfare Recipients
White people
Women
Womens health
Young Adult
title Medicaid Expansions and Fertility in the United States
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