Viral evasion of T cell immunity: ancient mechanisms offering new applications

Upon infecting a host, viruses are confronted by a coordinated and multi-faceted immune response. Indeed, evolutionary combat between virus and host has contributed signally to the host's development of a formidable innate and adaptive immune defense arsenal, and to the virus’ acquisition of ef...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current opinion in immunology 2011-02, Vol.23 (1), p.96-103
Main Authors: Horst, Daniëlle, Verweij, Marieke C, Davison, Andrew J, Ressing, Maaike E, Wiertz, Emmanuel JHJ
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allergy and Immunology
Animals
Antigen Presentation
Histocompatibility Antigens - immunology
Humans
Immunity, Cellular
T-Lymphocytes - immunology
Virus Diseases - immunology
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Summary:Upon infecting a host, viruses are confronted by a coordinated and multi-faceted immune response. Indeed, evolutionary combat between virus and host has contributed signally to the host's development of a formidable innate and adaptive immune defense arsenal, and to the virus’ acquisition of effective means to evade it. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a key role in the elimination of virus-infected cells, which they detect through recognition of virus-derived peptides displayed at the cell surface in the context of MHC class I molecules. This highly sensitive recognition system is a prime target for immune evasion strategies deployed by many viruses, particularly large DNA viruses such as herpesviruses and poxviruses. Elucidation of the mode of action of the immune evasion proteins encoded by these viruses has not only provided new insights into viral pathogenesis, but has also led to the discovery of hitherto unknown cell biological and immunological phenomena. Moreover, viral immune evasion proteins constitute extremely useful tools to block defined stages of the MHC class I presentation pathway, not only for research purposes, but also for clinical applications.
ISSN:0952-7915
1879-0372
DOI:10.1016/j.coi.2010.11.005