High melamine migration in daily-use melamine-made tableware

Melamine is commonly used to manufacture tableware, and this could be one of the important exposure sources in humans. The study aims to measure melamine migrated from different material-made tableware by the most sensitive technique of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of hazardous materials 2011-04, Vol.188 (1), p.350-356
Main Authors: Chien, Chao-Yi, Wu, Chia-Fang, Liu, Chia-Chu, Chen, Bai-Hsiun, Huang, Shu-Pin, Chou, Yii-Her, Chang, Ai-Wen, Lee, Hei-Hwa, Pan, Chih-Hong, Wu, Wen-Jeng, Shen, Jung-Tsung, Chang, Mei-Yu, Huang, Chun-Hsiung, Shiea, Jentaie, Hsieh, Tusty-Jiuan, Wu, Ming-Tsang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine
Acetic acid
Applied sciences
Chromatography, Liquid
Contact
Cooking and Eating Utensils
Distilled water
Exact sciences and technology
Food Contamination
foods
Hazardous Substances - analysis
Household Articles
Human
humans
LC–MS/MS
liquid chromatography
Liquids
manufacturing
Mass Spectrometry
Melamine
Melamine resins
Migration
Pollution
prices
Tableware
tandem mass spectrometry
Temperature
Triazines - adverse effects
Triazines - analysis
Water baths
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Summary:Melamine is commonly used to manufacture tableware, and this could be one of the important exposure sources in humans. The study aims to measure melamine migrated from different material-made tableware by the most sensitive technique of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The test samples were filled with pre-warmed designated-temperature (from room temperature (∼20 °C), 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C, to 90 °C) simulant (either distilled water or 3% acetic acid) up to 20 ml and immersed in a water bath at that designated temperature for 15 or 30 minutes (min). High melamine migration levels, ranging from 6.97 to 19.03 μg/ml, can be measured from all melamine-made samples containing 20 ml 3% acetic acid in water bath of 90 °C for 30 min, whereas melamine cannot be detectable in all other material-made samples in the same condition. In addition, the cheaper the melamine-made tableware samples, the higher the melamine migration levels. The migration of melamine amount is dependent on different temperatures, contact times, simulant, and prices of tableware. Since tableware is used in daily life, it is prudent to cautiously select materials that contain foodstuffs.
ISSN:0304-3894
1873-3336
DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.128