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Simulation of the Cygnus Rod-Pinch Diode Using the Radiographic Chain Model
The Cygnus radiographic machine is a relatively compact low-energy (
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Published in: | IEEE transactions on plasma science 2009-04, Vol.37 (4), p.530-537 |
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container_title | IEEE transactions on plasma science |
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creator | Kwan, T.J.T. Berninger, M. Snell, C. Wang, T.-S.F. Lin Yin |
description | The Cygnus radiographic machine is a relatively compact low-energy ( |
doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TPS.2009.2014767 |
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These features include small spot size, which is critical for high-spatial resolution, and high dose in a low-energy range. The X-ray source is based on bremsstrahlung production in a small-diameter (~0.75 mm) tungsten rod by a high-current (~60 kA) electron beam converging at the tip of the rod. For quantitative analysis of radiographic data, it is essential to determine the bremsstrahlung spectrum accurately. We have used the radiographic chain model to self-consistently model the diode with a 2-D particle-in-cell (PIC) code (Merlin) linked to an electron-photon Monte Carlo code to obtain the spectrum under three different situations: a steady-state spectrum using a voltage pulse of 2.25 MV, a time-integrated spectrum using a time-dependent experimental voltage pulse, and the spectrum resulting from inclusion of reflexing electrons around the anode rod in our PIC simulation. Detailed electron dynamics were obtained. We conclude that the time-integrated bremsstrahlung spectrum is significantly softer than that of the steady state. Including the effects of reflexing electrons using a Monte Carlo transport method in Merlin produced a spectrum in better agreement with experimental data.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0093-3813</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-9375</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2009.2014767</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ITPSBD</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: IEEE</publisher><subject>Anodes ; Bremsstrahlung ; Chains ; Computer simulation ; Cygnus ; Data analysis ; diode ; Diodes ; Electron beams ; Electrons ; Exact sciences and technology ; flash radiography ; Laser-plasma interactions ; Monte Carlo methods ; Particle-in-cell method ; Physics ; Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges ; Physics of plasmas and electric discharges ; Plasma properties ; Plasma simulation ; Production ; Radiography ; Simulation ; Steady state ; Transport properties ; Tungsten ; Voltage ; Voltage pulses ; X-ray sources ; X-ray, gamma-ray and particle generation ; X-rays</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on plasma science, 2009-04, Vol.37 (4), p.530-537</ispartof><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Apr 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-bc836b6991c98de3513ad1cc9b0018763bcfa8013b58b2e1f9931ad8f9a560183</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-bc836b6991c98de3513ad1cc9b0018763bcfa8013b58b2e1f9931ad8f9a560183</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4799200$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>309,310,314,780,784,789,790,23930,23931,25140,27924,27925,54796</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21457768$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kwan, T.J.T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berninger, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Snell, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, T.-S.F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin Yin</creatorcontrib><title>Simulation of the Cygnus Rod-Pinch Diode Using the Radiographic Chain Model</title><title>IEEE transactions on plasma science</title><addtitle>TPS</addtitle><description>The Cygnus radiographic machine is a relatively compact low-energy (<3 MV) X-ray source with some extremely desirable features for radiographic applications. These features include small spot size, which is critical for high-spatial resolution, and high dose in a low-energy range. The X-ray source is based on bremsstrahlung production in a small-diameter (~0.75 mm) tungsten rod by a high-current (~60 kA) electron beam converging at the tip of the rod. For quantitative analysis of radiographic data, it is essential to determine the bremsstrahlung spectrum accurately. We have used the radiographic chain model to self-consistently model the diode with a 2-D particle-in-cell (PIC) code (Merlin) linked to an electron-photon Monte Carlo code to obtain the spectrum under three different situations: a steady-state spectrum using a voltage pulse of 2.25 MV, a time-integrated spectrum using a time-dependent experimental voltage pulse, and the spectrum resulting from inclusion of reflexing electrons around the anode rod in our PIC simulation. Detailed electron dynamics were obtained. We conclude that the time-integrated bremsstrahlung spectrum is significantly softer than that of the steady state. Including the effects of reflexing electrons using a Monte Carlo transport method in Merlin produced a spectrum in better agreement with experimental data.</description><subject>Anodes</subject><subject>Bremsstrahlung</subject><subject>Chains</subject><subject>Computer simulation</subject><subject>Cygnus</subject><subject>Data analysis</subject><subject>diode</subject><subject>Diodes</subject><subject>Electron beams</subject><subject>Electrons</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>flash radiography</subject><subject>Laser-plasma interactions</subject><subject>Monte Carlo methods</subject><subject>Particle-in-cell method</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges</subject><subject>Physics of plasmas and electric discharges</subject><subject>Plasma properties</subject><subject>Plasma simulation</subject><subject>Production</subject><subject>Radiography</subject><subject>Simulation</subject><subject>Steady state</subject><subject>Transport properties</subject><subject>Tungsten</subject><subject>Voltage</subject><subject>Voltage pulses</subject><subject>X-ray sources</subject><subject>X-ray, gamma-ray and particle generation</subject><subject>X-rays</subject><issn>0093-3813</issn><issn>1939-9375</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kT1PwzAQhi0EEqWwI7FESMAUsOPY8Y0ofIoiqn7MluM4ras0LnEz9N_j0qoDA8vdcM-9utOD0CXB94RgeJgMx_cJxhAKSTOeHaEeAQox0Iwdo16Y0JgKQk_RmfcLHCCGkx76GNtlV6u1dU3kqmg9N1G-mTWdj0aujIe20fPoybrSRFNvm9kvMFKldbNWreZWR_lc2Sb6DER9jk4qVXtzse99NH15nuRv8eDr9T1_HMQ6Tdg6LrSgvOAARIMoDWWEqpJoDUW4SmScFrpSAhNaMFEkhlQAlKhSVKAYDwTto7td7qp1353xa7m0Xpu6Vo1xnZeCg0hTyGggb_8lacoo5ywN4PUfcOG6tglfSAKMCLKN6yO8g3TrvG9NJVetXap2IwmWWwkySJBbCXIvIazc7HOV16quWtVo6w97SbCQZXz70tWOs8aYwzjNAEIc_QExJ41r</recordid><startdate>20090401</startdate><enddate>20090401</enddate><creator>Kwan, T.J.T.</creator><creator>Berninger, M.</creator><creator>Snell, C.</creator><creator>Wang, T.-S.F.</creator><creator>Lin Yin</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090401</creationdate><title>Simulation of the Cygnus Rod-Pinch Diode Using the Radiographic Chain Model</title><author>Kwan, T.J.T. ; Berninger, M. ; Snell, C. ; Wang, T.-S.F. ; Lin Yin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-bc836b6991c98de3513ad1cc9b0018763bcfa8013b58b2e1f9931ad8f9a560183</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Anodes</topic><topic>Bremsstrahlung</topic><topic>Chains</topic><topic>Computer simulation</topic><topic>Cygnus</topic><topic>Data analysis</topic><topic>diode</topic><topic>Diodes</topic><topic>Electron beams</topic><topic>Electrons</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>flash radiography</topic><topic>Laser-plasma interactions</topic><topic>Monte Carlo methods</topic><topic>Particle-in-cell method</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges</topic><topic>Physics of plasmas and electric discharges</topic><topic>Plasma properties</topic><topic>Plasma simulation</topic><topic>Production</topic><topic>Radiography</topic><topic>Simulation</topic><topic>Steady state</topic><topic>Transport properties</topic><topic>Tungsten</topic><topic>Voltage</topic><topic>Voltage pulses</topic><topic>X-ray sources</topic><topic>X-ray, gamma-ray and particle generation</topic><topic>X-rays</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kwan, T.J.T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berninger, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Snell, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, T.-S.F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin Yin</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Xplore</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on plasma science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kwan, T.J.T.</au><au>Berninger, M.</au><au>Snell, C.</au><au>Wang, T.-S.F.</au><au>Lin Yin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Simulation of the Cygnus Rod-Pinch Diode Using the Radiographic Chain Model</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on plasma science</jtitle><stitle>TPS</stitle><date>2009-04-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>37</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>530</spage><epage>537</epage><pages>530-537</pages><issn>0093-3813</issn><eissn>1939-9375</eissn><coden>ITPSBD</coden><abstract>The Cygnus radiographic machine is a relatively compact low-energy (<3 MV) X-ray source with some extremely desirable features for radiographic applications. These features include small spot size, which is critical for high-spatial resolution, and high dose in a low-energy range. The X-ray source is based on bremsstrahlung production in a small-diameter (~0.75 mm) tungsten rod by a high-current (~60 kA) electron beam converging at the tip of the rod. For quantitative analysis of radiographic data, it is essential to determine the bremsstrahlung spectrum accurately. We have used the radiographic chain model to self-consistently model the diode with a 2-D particle-in-cell (PIC) code (Merlin) linked to an electron-photon Monte Carlo code to obtain the spectrum under three different situations: a steady-state spectrum using a voltage pulse of 2.25 MV, a time-integrated spectrum using a time-dependent experimental voltage pulse, and the spectrum resulting from inclusion of reflexing electrons around the anode rod in our PIC simulation. Detailed electron dynamics were obtained. We conclude that the time-integrated bremsstrahlung spectrum is significantly softer than that of the steady state. Including the effects of reflexing electrons using a Monte Carlo transport method in Merlin produced a spectrum in better agreement with experimental data.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TPS.2009.2014767</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Anodes Bremsstrahlung Chains Computer simulation Cygnus Data analysis diode Diodes Electron beams Electrons Exact sciences and technology flash radiography Laser-plasma interactions Monte Carlo methods Particle-in-cell method Physics Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges Physics of plasmas and electric discharges Plasma properties Plasma simulation Production Radiography Simulation Steady state Transport properties Tungsten Voltage Voltage pulses X-ray sources X-ray, gamma-ray and particle generation X-rays |
title | Simulation of the Cygnus Rod-Pinch Diode Using the Radiographic Chain Model |
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