Tick-borne viruses

At least 38 viral species are transmitted by ticks. Virus–tick–vertebrate host relationships are highly specific and less than 10% of all tick species (Argasidae and Ixodidae) are known to play a role as vectors of arboviruses. However, a few tick species transmit several (e.g. Ixodes ricinus, Ambly...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Parasitology 2004-10, Vol.129 (S1), p.S221-S245
Main Authors: LABUDA, M., NUTTALL, P. A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptations
African Swine Fever - transmission
African Swine Fever - virology
African swine fever virus
African Swine Fever Virus - physiology
Animals
Arachnid Vectors - virology
Arbovirus Infections - transmission
Arbovirus Infections - virology
Arboviruses
Arboviruses - physiology
Epidemiology
Host-Parasite Interactions
Humans
Livestock
Mortality
RNA Virus Infections - transmission
RNA Virus Infections - virology
RNA Viruses - physiology
Tick-Borne Diseases - transmission
Tick-Borne Diseases - virology
tick-borne viruses
ticks
Ticks - virology
vectors
Vertebrates
Viruses
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Summary:At least 38 viral species are transmitted by ticks. Virus–tick–vertebrate host relationships are highly specific and less than 10% of all tick species (Argasidae and Ixodidae) are known to play a role as vectors of arboviruses. However, a few tick species transmit several (e.g. Ixodes ricinus, Amblyomma variegatum) or many (I. uriae) tick-borne viruses. Tick-borne viruses are found in six different virus families (Asfarviridae, Reoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Bunyaviridae, Flaviviridae) and at least 9 genera. Some as yet unassigned tick-borne viruses may belong to a seventh family, the Arenaviridae. With only one exception (African swine fever virus, family Asfarviridae) all tick-borne viruses (as well as all other arboviruses) are RNA viruses. Tick-borne viruses are found in all the RNA virus families in which insect-borne members are found, with the exception of the family Togaviridae. Some tick-borne viruses pose a significant threat to the health of humans (Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus) or livestock (African swine fever virus, Nairobi sheep disease virus). Key challenges are to determine the molecular adaptations that allow tick-borne viruses to infect and replicate in both tick and vertebrate cells, and to identify the principal ecological determinants of tick-borne virus survival.
ISSN:0031-1820
1469-8161
DOI:10.1017/S0031182004005220