Exposure assessment of metal intakes from drinking water relative to those from total diet in Japan

Daily intakes of 17 metals (boron, aluminium, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, molybdenum, cadmium, antimony, lead, uranium, magnesium, calcium, and iron) via drinking water and total diet were investigated in six cities in Japan. The daily metal intakes were estimated a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water science and technology 2010-01, Vol.62 (11), p.2694-2701
Main Authors: Ohno, Koichi, Ishikawa, Kohei, Kurosawa, Yuki, Matsui, Yoshihiko, Matsushita, Taku, Magara, Yasumoto
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aluminium
Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Boron
Cadmium
Calcium
Chromium
Daily
Diet
Dietary intake
Drinking water
Environmental Exposure - analysis
Environmental Pollutants
Food additives
Food Analysis
Food Contamination - analysis
Food intake
Heavy metals
Humans
Iron
Japan
Labour
Magnesium
Manganese
Metals
Metals - chemistry
Metals - metabolism
Molybdenum
Nickel
Selenium
Uranium
Water Supply - analysis
Water Supply - standards
Zinc
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Summary:Daily intakes of 17 metals (boron, aluminium, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, molybdenum, cadmium, antimony, lead, uranium, magnesium, calcium, and iron) via drinking water and total diet were investigated in six cities in Japan. The daily metal intakes were estimated and compared with tolerable daily intake (TDI) values proposed by the WHO or Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives for toxic metals and with recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) or adequate intake (AI) values proposed for essential metals by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Among the 13 toxic metals, mean dietary intakes of 10 (except arsenic, selenium, and molybdenum) were less than 50% of TDI, suggesting that for these 10 metals the allocation of intake to drinking water in establishing guidelines or standards could possibly be increased from the normal allocation of 10-20% of TDI. For the 13 toxic metals, the contribution of drinking water to TDI was 2% or less in all six cities. Mean dietary intakes of the essential elements magnesium, calcium, and iron were less than the RDA or AI values. Drinking water did not contribute much to essential metal intake, accounting for less than 10% of RDA or AI.
ISSN:0273-1223
1996-9732
DOI:10.2166/wst.2010.392