A sea change ahead for recreational water quality criteria

The United States Environmental Protection Agency is committed to developing new recreational water quality criteria for coastal waters by 2012 to provide increased protection to swimmers. We review the uncertainties and shortcomings of the current recreational water quality criteria, describe criti...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of water and health 2009-03, Vol.7 (1), p.9-20
Main Authors: Boehm, Alexandria B, Ashbolt, Nicholas J, Colford, Jr, John M, Dunbar, Lee E, Fleming, Lora E, Gold, Mark A, Hansel, Joel A, Hunter, Paul R, Ichida, Audrey M, McGee, Charles D, Soller, Jeffrey A, Weisberg, Stephen B
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Coastal waters
Criteria
Enterobacteriaceae - isolation & purification
Environmental Monitoring - standards
Environmental protection
Epidemiology
Health risks
Humans
Oceans and Seas
Pathogens
Protection
Recreation
Recreational waters
Risk Assessment
Runoff
Swimming - standards
Tropical climate
United States
United States Environmental Protection Agency - standards
Urban runoff
Water Microbiology - standards
Water Pollution
Water quality
World Health Organization
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Summary:The United States Environmental Protection Agency is committed to developing new recreational water quality criteria for coastal waters by 2012 to provide increased protection to swimmers. We review the uncertainties and shortcomings of the current recreational water quality criteria, describe critical research needs for the development of new criteria, as well as recommend a path forward for new criteria development. We believe that among the most needed research needs are the completion of epidemiology studies in tropical waters and in waters adversely impacted by urban runoff and animal feces, as well as studies aimed to validate the use of models for indicator and pathogen concentration and health risk predictions.
ISSN:1477-8920
1996-7829
DOI:10.2166/wh.2009.122