ADHD and genetic syndromes

Abstract A high rate of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)-like characteristics has been reported in a wide variety of disorders including syndromes with known genetic causes. In this article, we review the genetic and the neurobiological links between ADHD symptoms and some genetic syn...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Brain & development (Tokyo. 1979) 2011-06, Vol.33 (6), p.456-461
Main Authors: Lo-Castro, Adriana, D’Agati, Elisa, Curatolo, Paolo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - diagnosis
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - etiology
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - genetics
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - physiopathology
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Child
Fragile X Syndrome
Genetic syndromes
Humans
Mental retardation
Neurofibromatosis type 1
Neurology
Phenotype
Sexual aneuploidies
Syndrome
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Williams Syndrome
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Summary:Abstract A high rate of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)-like characteristics has been reported in a wide variety of disorders including syndromes with known genetic causes. In this article, we review the genetic and the neurobiological links between ADHD symptoms and some genetic syndromes such as: Fragile X Syndrome, Neurofibromatosis 1, DiGeorge Syndrome, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, Turner Syndrome, Williams Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome. Although each syndrome may arise from different genetic abnormalities with multiple molecular functions, the effects of these abnormalities may give rise to common effects downstream in the biological pathways or neural circuits, resulting in the presentation of ADHD symptoms. Early diagnosis of ADHD allows for earlier treatment, and has the potential for a better outcome in children with genetic syndromes.
ISSN:0387-7604
1872-7131
DOI:10.1016/j.braindev.2010.05.011