Analyzing the Video Popularity Characteristics of Large-Scale User Generated Content Systems

• Published in: IEEE/ACM transactions on networking 2009-10, Vol.17 (5), p.1357-1370
• Main Authors: Meeyoung Cha, Haewoon Kwak, Rodriguez, P., Yong-Yeol Ahn, Sue Moon
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aliasing; Business; Clocks; copyright protection; Distortion; Distortion measurement; exponential distributions; Filtering; Filtration; human factors; Information analysis; Information filtering; Interactive TV; Large-scale systems; log normal distributions; pareto distributions; probability; Probability distribution; Television; User generated content; Video on demand; Watches; YouTube
• ISSN: 1063-6692; 1558-2566
• DOI: 10.1109/TNET.2008.2011358

User generated content (UGC), now with millions of video producers and consumers, is reshaping the way people watch video and TV. In particular, UGC sites are creating new viewing patterns and social interactions, empowering users to be more creative, and generating new business opportunities. Compared to traditional video-on-demand (VoD) systems, UGC services allow users to request videos from a potentially unlimited selection in an asynchronous fashion. To better understand the impact of UGC services, we have analyzed the world's largest UGC VoD system, YouTube, and a popular similar system in Korea, Daum Videos. In this paper, we first empirically show how UGC services are fundamentally different from traditional VoD services. We then analyze the intrinsic statistical properties of UGC popularity distributions and discuss opportunities to leverage the latent demand for niche videos (or the so-called "the Long Tail" potential), which is not reached today due to information filtering or other system scarcity distortions. Based on traces collected across multiple days, we study the popularity lifetime of UGC videos and the relationship between requests and video age. Finally, we measure the level of content aliasing and illegal content in the system and show the problems aliasing creates in ranking the video popularity accurately. The results presented in this paper are crucial to understanding UGC VoD systems and may have major commercial and technical implications for site administrators and content owners.