Involvements of S-nitrosylation and denitrosylation in the production of polyphenols by Inonotus obliquus

• Published in: Applied microbiology and biotechnology 2011-06, Vol.90 (5), p.1763-1772
• Main Authors: Zheng, Weifa, Liu, Yubing, Pan, Shenyuan, Yuan, Weihua, Dai, Yucheng, Wei, Jiangchun
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Accumulation; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases - genetics; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases - metabolism; Applied Microbial and Cell Physiology; Auranofin; Basidiomycota - enzymology; Basidiomycota - genetics; Basidiomycota - metabolism; Biological and medical sciences; Biosynthesis; Biotechnology; Chemical synthesis; Enzymes; Flavonoids - metabolism; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Fungal Proteins - genetics; Fungal Proteins - metabolism; Fungi; Inonotus obliquus; Life Sciences; Metabolism; Metabolites; Microbial Genetics and Genomics; Microbiology; Nitric oxide; Nitric Oxide - metabolism; Phenols - metabolism; Physiological aspects; Polyphenols; Proteins; S-Nitrosothiols - metabolism; Studies; Thioredoxin; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase - genetics; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase - metabolism
• ISSN: 0175-7598; 1432-0614
• DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3241-3

Nitric oxide (NO) has been evidenced to mediate biosynthesis of polyphenols in Inonotus obliquus . However, it remains unknown how NO regulates their biosynthesis. Here we show that higher cellular NO levels coincided with higher accumulation of S -nitrosothiols (SNO; the products of NO combined with a specific residue in glutathione or proteins) and polyphenols, and higher activity of denitrosylated S -nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). This homeostasis was breached by GSNOR or TrxR inhibitors. Inhibiting GSNOR boosted TrxR activity, but reduced SNO formation, coinciding with an enhanced production of polyphenols. Likewise, inhibiting TrxR increased GSNOR activity and SNO production, but downregulated accumulation of polyphenols. Inhibiting GSNOR or TrxR also modified the polyphenolic profiles of I. obliquus . Suppressing GSNOR-enhanced biosynthesis of phelligridins C and H, inoscavin C and methyl inoscavin B, but reduced that of phelligridin D, methyl inoscavin A, davallialactone and methyl davallialactone, the typical polyphenols in I. obliquus . Similarly, downregulating TrxR increased production of phelligridin D, methyl inoscavin A, davallialactone, and methyl davallialactone, but shrinking that of phelligridins C and H, methyl inoscavin B and inoscavin C. Thus, in I. obliquus , the state of S -nitrosylation and denitrosylation affects not only the accumulation of polyphenols, but also their metabolic profiles.