Grains, Vegetables, and Fish Dietary Pattern Is Inversely Associated with the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in South Korean Adults

• Published in: Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2011-08, Vol.111 (8), p.1141-1149
• Main Authors: Kim, Jihye, PhD, Jo, Inho, PhD
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Adults; Alcohol Drinking - adverse effects; Biological and medical sciences; Cholesterol - blood; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dietetics; Edible Grain; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Feeding Behavior - physiology; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Health behavior; Humans; Internal Medicine; Male; Meat - adverse effects; Medical sciences; Mental Recall; Metabolic diseases; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - blood; Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology; Metabolic Syndrome - etiology; Middle Aged; Miscellaneous; Nutrition; Nutrition Surveys; Obesity - blood; Obesity - complications; Obesity - epidemiology; Other metabolic disorders; Prevalence; Republic of Korea - epidemiology; Risk assessment; Risk Factors; Seafood; Triglycerides - blood; Vegetables; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
• ISSN: 0002-8223; 2212-2672; 1878-3570; 2212-2680
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.05.001

Abstract Background Dietary patterns are critical in the prevention and management of chronic diseases. Objective We examined the association between habitual dietary patterns and the risk of metabolic syndrome in South Korean adults. Design The study sample was composed of 9,850 Korean adults (aged ≥19 years) who participated in the second and third Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary data were assessed by the 24-hour recall method. Metabolic syndrome was defined by the joint of interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Results Four dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis (white rice and kimchi pattern; meat and alcohol pattern; high fat, sweets, and coffee pattern; and grains, vegetables, and fish pattern). Each dietary pattern explained 8.6%, 6.7%, 5.7%, and 5.7% of the variation in food intakes, respectively. The meat and alcohol pattern was adversely associated with hypertriglyceridemia ( P for trend 0.01) and elevated blood pressure ( P for trend 0.01) after adjustments for potential risk factors of metabolic syndrome such as age, sex, body mass index, energy intake, alcohol intake, smoking status, and physical activity. In contrast, the grains, vegetables, and fish pattern was associated with lower risk of hypertriglyceridemia ( P for trend 0.0002) and was also inversely associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome after adjusting for risk factors of the metabolic syndrome ( P for trend 0.02). Conclusions Our study suggests that a specific Korean dietary pattern that includes grains, vegetables, and fish may be associated with lower risk of metabolic syndrome in South Korean adults.