Ion pair-based liquid-phase microextraction combined with cuvetteless UV–vis micro-spectrophotometry as a miniaturized assay for monitoring ammonia in waters

A miniaturized method based on liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) in combination with microvolume UV–vis spectrophotometry for monitoring ammonia in waters is proposed. The methodology is based on the extraction of the ion pair formed between the blue indophenol obtained according to the Berthelot...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Talanta (Oxford) 2011-09, Vol.85 (3), p.1448-1452
Main Authors: Senra-Ferreiro, Sonia, Pena-Pereira, Francisco, Costas-Mora, Isabel, Romero, Vanesa, Lavilla, Isela, Bendicho, Carlos
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ammonia - analysis
Ammonia - chemistry
Ammonia - isolation & purification
Ammonia monitoring
Analytical chemistry
Applied sciences
Berthelot reaction
Chemistry
Drinking Water - analysis
Exact sciences and technology
Fresh Water - analysis
Global environmental pollution
Indophenol - chemistry
Ions - chemistry
Liquid Phase Microextraction - methods
Liquid-phase microextraction
Microvolume UV–vis spectrophotometry
Mineral Waters - analysis
Miniaturization
Natural Springs - analysis
Pollution
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds - chemistry
Reproducibility of Results
Spectrometric and optical methods
Spectrophotometry - methods
Water samples
Water Supply - analysis
Water Wells - analysis
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Summary:A miniaturized method based on liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) in combination with microvolume UV–vis spectrophotometry for monitoring ammonia in waters is proposed. The methodology is based on the extraction of the ion pair formed between the blue indophenol obtained according to the Berthelot reaction and a quaternary ammonium salt into a microvolume of organic solvent. Experimental parameters affecting the LPME performance such as type and concentration of the quaternary ammonium ion salt required to form the ion pair, type and volume of extractant solvent, effect of disperser solvent, ionic strength and extraction time, were optimized. A detection limit of 5.0μgL−1 ammonia and an enrichment factor of 30 can be attained after a microextraction time of 4min. The repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation, was 7.6% (n=7). The proposed method can be successfully applied to the determination of trace amounts of ammonia in several environmental water samples.
ISSN:0039-9140
1873-3573
DOI:10.1016/j.talanta.2011.06.030