Influence of neighborhood deprivation, gender and ethno-racial origin on smoking behavior of Canadian youth

Abstract Objective Deprived neighborhoods play an important role in adult smoking behavior, but little research exists about youth on this topic. This study explored the relationship between deprivation and youth smoking to examine whether this association differs by gender and ethno-racial origin....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Preventive medicine 2011-05, Vol.52 (5), p.376-380
Main Authors: Matheson, Flora I, LaFreniere, Marie C, White, Heather L, Moineddin, Rahim, Dunn, James R, Glazier, Richard H
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Built environment
Canada - epidemiology
Censuses
Child
Cross-Sectional Studies
Ethnic groups
Female
Gender differences
Health Surveys
Households
Humans
Individual differences
Internal Medicine
Male
Multilevel modeling
Neighbourhoods
Poverty Areas
Sense of community
Sex Factors
Smoking
Smoking - epidemiology
Smoking - ethnology
Young people
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Summary:Abstract Objective Deprived neighborhoods play an important role in adult smoking behavior, but little research exists about youth on this topic. This study explored the relationship between deprivation and youth smoking to examine whether this association differs by gender and ethno-racial origin. Methods Individual-level data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2000–2005) were combined with neighborhood-level data from the 2001 Canada Census to assess smoking among youth aged 12–18 (n = 15,615). Results Youth who were female (OR = 1.27, 95%CI:1.16–1.38), White (OR = 1.95, 95%CI:1.71–2.21) and living in deprived neighborhoods (OR = 1.22, 95%CI:1.16–1.28) were more likely to smoke. In multilevel models, White females were more likely to smoke relative to non-White females and males (OR = 1.42, 95%CI:1.06–1.89). Youth with a strong sense of community belonging and living in deprived neighborhoods were at increased risk of smoking (OR = 1.18, 95%CI:1.06–1.32). The individual-level risk factor, household smoker, contributed substantially to youth smoking reducing the bivariate association between material deprivation and smoking by 33%. Conclusion White females, youth cohabiting with other smokers and youth living in poor neighborhoods with a strong sense of community belonging, are at an increased risk of smoking. Future anti-smoking efforts might have greater impact if they target at-risk youth as well as household members who cohabit with youth.
ISSN:0091-7435
1096-0260
DOI:10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.02.011