Effects of dietary macronutrient distribution on vascular integrity in obesity and metabolic syndrome

• Published in: Nutrition reviews 2011-09, Vol.69 (9), p.509-519
• Main Authors: Gregory, Sara M, Headley, Samuel A, Wood, Richard J
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; arterial stiffness; Biological and medical sciences; Cardiovascular disease; Diet; Diet, Reducing - methods; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; macronutrient redistribution; Medical sciences; Metabolic diseases; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - diet therapy; Metabolic Syndrome - physiopathology; Nutrition; Obesity; Obesity - diet therapy; Obesity - physiopathology; Risk factors; Vascular Diseases - etiology; Vascular Diseases - prevention & control; Vascular Stiffness; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
• ISSN: 0029-6643; 1753-4887
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00390.x

Metabolic syndrome is a condition characterized by a clustering of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Emerging data suggest vascular integrity is disrupted in metabolic syndrome. Vascular integrity may be determined using several measurements, including pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and flow‐mediated dilation. Arterial stiffness has become an important clinical indicator of cardiovascular disease risk. Several circulating inflammatory peptides also impact vascular integrity. The present review examines the efficacy of nutritional interventions aimed at improving vascular integrity and reducing levels of associated inflammatory peptides in individuals with metabolic syndrome, with a specific focus on the effect of dietary macronutrient redistribution on these factors.