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Concentrations and pattern of Fe, Cu, Cr, and Zn contamination in the soils of Akure, Nigeria
An assessment was made on twenty-eight topsoils collected from seven sites with intense artisan activities in the city of Akure, Nigeria, using geochemical approach in order to establish anthropogenic influence on metal contamination and to assess the severity of the contamination in the urban envir...
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Published in: | The Environmentalist 2011-09, Vol.31 (3), p.237-245 |
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description | An assessment was made on twenty-eight topsoils collected from seven sites with intense artisan activities in the city of Akure, Nigeria, using geochemical approach in order to establish anthropogenic influence on metal contamination and to assess the severity of the contamination in the urban environment. Concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, and Cr were determined in the samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results revealed between 137- and 165-fold elevation of Fe, between 17- and 94-fold elevation of Cu, between 50- and 137-fold elevation of Zn, and between 1- and 3-fold elevation of Cr in topsoil relative to background levels. This indicates that except for Cr, soil contaminations by the metals were due to anthropic sources such as mechanic and vulcanizers workshops. The current average levels of copper exceeded the target value in Nigeria and in many developed countries, while Zn and Cr are generally lower than the respective soil quality guidelines. The contamination/pollution index maps figured out mechanic workshop as the main source of diffuse contamination and also show the influence of the point sources of contamination to urban topsoils. Cu contamination found around the soils of the mechanic/battery charger workshop is potentially serious (severe pollution), and this may pose health risk to people dwelling around these sites or within the metropolis. Children could be at greater risk than adults, because of their hand-to-mouth behaviors that increase their exposure potential. |
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The current average levels of copper exceeded the target value in Nigeria and in many developed countries, while Zn and Cr are generally lower than the respective soil quality guidelines. The contamination/pollution index maps figured out mechanic workshop as the main source of diffuse contamination and also show the influence of the point sources of contamination to urban topsoils. Cu contamination found around the soils of the mechanic/battery charger workshop is potentially serious (severe pollution), and this may pose health risk to people dwelling around these sites or within the metropolis. 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The results revealed between 137- and 165-fold elevation of Fe, between 17- and 94-fold elevation of Cu, between 50- and 137-fold elevation of Zn, and between 1- and 3-fold elevation of Cr in topsoil relative to background levels. This indicates that except for Cr, soil contaminations by the metals were due to anthropic sources such as mechanic and vulcanizers workshops. The current average levels of copper exceeded the target value in Nigeria and in many developed countries, while Zn and Cr are generally lower than the respective soil quality guidelines. The contamination/pollution index maps figured out mechanic workshop as the main source of diffuse contamination and also show the influence of the point sources of contamination to urban topsoils. Cu contamination found around the soils of the mechanic/battery charger workshop is potentially serious (severe pollution), and this may pose health risk to people dwelling around these sites or within the metropolis. 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F.</au><au>Ayenimo, J. G.</au><au>Ipinmoroti, K. O.</au><au>Popoola, A. V.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Concentrations and pattern of Fe, Cu, Cr, and Zn contamination in the soils of Akure, Nigeria</atitle><jtitle>The Environmentalist</jtitle><stitle>Environmentalist</stitle><date>2011-09</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>31</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>237</spage><epage>245</epage><pages>237-245</pages><issn>0251-1088</issn><issn>2194-5403</issn><eissn>1573-2991</eissn><eissn>2194-5411</eissn><abstract>An assessment was made on twenty-eight topsoils collected from seven sites with intense artisan activities in the city of Akure, Nigeria, using geochemical approach in order to establish anthropogenic influence on metal contamination and to assess the severity of the contamination in the urban environment. Concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, and Cr were determined in the samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results revealed between 137- and 165-fold elevation of Fe, between 17- and 94-fold elevation of Cu, between 50- and 137-fold elevation of Zn, and between 1- and 3-fold elevation of Cr in topsoil relative to background levels. This indicates that except for Cr, soil contaminations by the metals were due to anthropic sources such as mechanic and vulcanizers workshops. The current average levels of copper exceeded the target value in Nigeria and in many developed countries, while Zn and Cr are generally lower than the respective soil quality guidelines. The contamination/pollution index maps figured out mechanic workshop as the main source of diffuse contamination and also show the influence of the point sources of contamination to urban topsoils. Cu contamination found around the soils of the mechanic/battery charger workshop is potentially serious (severe pollution), and this may pose health risk to people dwelling around these sites or within the metropolis. 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subjects | Anthropogenic factors Atomic absorption spectrophotometry Batteries Control Copper Developed countries Earth and Environmental Science Environment Environmental Management Environmental testing Environmentalists Gasoline Health risks Heavy metal content Heavy metals Metals multidisciplinary Pollution Pollution index Quality Control Reliability Safety and Risk Science Scrap Soil contamination Soil quality Spectral analysis Spectrophotometry Studies Systems Theory Topsoil Toxicity Urban areas Urban environments Workshops Zinc |
title | Concentrations and pattern of Fe, Cu, Cr, and Zn contamination in the soils of Akure, Nigeria |
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