Cobalt-catalysed growth of carbon nanotubes with single-atomic-layer walls

• Published in: Nature (London) 1993-06, Vol.363 (6430), p.605-607
• Main Authors: Bethune, D. S, Klang, C. H, de Vries, M. S, Gorman, G, Savoy, R, Vazquez, J, Beyers, R
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Carbon; Carbon nanotubes; Chemistry; Cobalt; Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology; Exact sciences and technology; Materials science; Methods of crystal growth; physics of crystal growth; Nanotechnology; Nanotubes; Physics; Polyhedrons; Surface layer; Texture; Theory and models of crystal growth; physics of crystal growth, crystal morphology and orientation; Tubes; Walls
• ISSN: 0028-0836; 1476-4687
• DOI: 10.1038/363605a0

CARBON exhibits a unique ability to form a wide range of structures. In an inert atmosphere it condenses to form hollow, spheroidal fullerenes super(1-4). Carbon deposited on the hot tip of the cathode of the arc-discharge apparatus used for bulk fullerene synthesis will form nested graphitic tubes and polyhedral particles super(5-8). Electron irradiation of these nanotubes and polyhedra transforms them into nearly spherical carbon 'onions' super(9). We now report that covaporizing carbon and cobalt in an arc generator leads to the formation of carbon nanotubes which all have very small diameters (about 1.2 nm) and walls only a single atomic layer thick. The tubes form a web-like deposit woven through the fullerene-containing soot, giving it a rubbery texture. The uniformity and single-layer structure of these nanotubes should make it possible to test their properties against theoretical predictions super(10-13).