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A Reappraisal of the Evidence for Regulation of Wolf Populations
The dogma that gray wolf (Canis lupus) population densities in naturally occurring systems are limited almost solely by available ungulate biomass is based upon studies that fit straight line linear regressions (Type 1 numerical response) to data collected at 32 sites across North America. We fit Ty...
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| Published in: | The Journal of wildlife management 2011-04, Vol.75 (3), p.726-730 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b4104-4a29219be7c65e385b6ad1cf329372333c71817a308568fb812855ca82d55b793 |
| container_end_page | 730 |
| container_issue | 3 |
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| container_title | The Journal of wildlife management |
| container_volume | 75 |
| creator | Cariappa, C. A Oakleaf, John K Ballard, Warren B Breck, Stewart W |
| description | The dogma that gray wolf (Canis lupus) population densities in naturally occurring systems are limited almost solely by available ungulate biomass is based upon studies that fit straight line linear regressions (Type 1 numerical response) to data collected at 32 sites across North America. We fit Type 1,2, and 3 response functions to the data using linear and nonlinear regression as appropriate and found that the evidence supported wolf population regulation by density-dependence as much as limitation by prey availability. When we excluded 4 of 32 points from the original data set because those points represented exploited or expanding wolf populations the data suggested that wolf populations are self regulated rather than limited by prey biomass by at least a 3:1 margin. In establishing goals for sustainable wolf population levels, managers of wolf reintroductions and species recovery efforts should account for the possibility that some regulatory mechanism plays an important role in wolf population dynamics. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/jwmg.74 |
| format | article |
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A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oakleaf, John K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ballard, Warren B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Breck, Stewart W</creatorcontrib><title>A Reappraisal of the Evidence for Regulation of Wolf Populations</title><title>The Journal of wildlife management</title><addtitle>The Journal of Wildlife Management</addtitle><description>The dogma that gray wolf (Canis lupus) population densities in naturally occurring systems are limited almost solely by available ungulate biomass is based upon studies that fit straight line linear regressions (Type 1 numerical response) to data collected at 32 sites across North America. We fit Type 1,2, and 3 response functions to the data using linear and nonlinear regression as appropriate and found that the evidence supported wolf population regulation by density-dependence as much as limitation by prey availability. 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In establishing goals for sustainable wolf population levels, managers of wolf reintroductions and species recovery efforts should account for the possibility that some regulatory mechanism plays an important role in wolf population dynamics.</description><subject>Animal populations</subject><subject>Asymptotes</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Canis lupus</subject><subject>Carnivores</subject><subject>Data processing</subject><subject>Datasets</subject><subject>Density dependence</subject><subject>exploitation</subject><subject>numerical response</subject><subject>Population density</subject><subject>Population dynamics</subject><subject>Population ecology</subject><subject>Population levels</subject><subject>Population regulation</subject><subject>Prey</subject><subject>prey limitation regulation</subject><subject>Reintroduction</subject><subject>Sample size</subject><subject>Self</subject><subject>Type 1</subject><subject>Type 2</subject><subject>Type 3</subject><subject>Ungulates</subject><subject>Wildlife ecology</subject><subject>Wildlife management</subject><subject>Wolves</subject><issn>0022-541X</issn><issn>1937-2817</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kFtLwzAYhoMoOKf4C4QiiBfSmWOT3jnG7BRPE2XehbRLZ2fX1KTz8O_N7BARvPrgex5eXl4A9hHsIQjx6fx9MetxugE6KCY8xALxTdDxBIeMoqdtsOPcHEKCkIg64Kwf3GtV11YVTpWByYPmWQfDt2Kqq0wHubGez5alagpTrfDElHlwZ-r1y-2CrVyVTu-tbxc8ng8fBqPw6ja5GPSvwpQiSEOqcIxRnGqeRUwTwdJITVGWE-xLYkJIxpFvqggULBJ5KhAWjGVK4CljKY9JFxy3ubU1r0vtGrkoXKbLUlXaLJ0UMcEccya8efjHnJulrXw5GWMWIUbZr7jMGueszmVti4WynxJBudpRrnaUnHrzpDXfi1J__qfJy8l18m0ftPbcNcb-2BRRJGDMPA9bXrhGf_xwZV9kxAlncnKTyHEUjUcJHMuJ949aPy2MqfS_Lb8A4QuWrQ</recordid><startdate>201104</startdate><enddate>201104</enddate><creator>Cariappa, C. 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A</au><au>Oakleaf, John K</au><au>Ballard, Warren B</au><au>Breck, Stewart W</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A Reappraisal of the Evidence for Regulation of Wolf Populations</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of wildlife management</jtitle><addtitle>The Journal of Wildlife Management</addtitle><date>2011-04</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>75</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>726</spage><epage>730</epage><pages>726-730</pages><issn>0022-541X</issn><eissn>1937-2817</eissn><coden>JWMAA9</coden><abstract>The dogma that gray wolf (Canis lupus) population densities in naturally occurring systems are limited almost solely by available ungulate biomass is based upon studies that fit straight line linear regressions (Type 1 numerical response) to data collected at 32 sites across North America. 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| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | The Journal of wildlife management, 2011-04, Vol.75 (3), p.726-730 |
| issn | 0022-541X 1937-2817 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Wiley-Blackwell Read & Publish Collection; Access via JSTOR |
| subjects | Animal populations Asymptotes Biomass Canis lupus Carnivores Data processing Datasets Density dependence exploitation numerical response Population density Population dynamics Population ecology Population levels Population regulation Prey prey limitation regulation Reintroduction Sample size Self Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Ungulates Wildlife ecology Wildlife management Wolves |
| title | A Reappraisal of the Evidence for Regulation of Wolf Populations |
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