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Metastatic pheochromocytoma: Does the size and age matter?
Eur J Clin Invest 2011; 41 (10): 1121–1128 Background Pheochromocytomas are tumours arising from chromaffin tissue located in the adrenal medulla associated with typical symptoms and signs which may occasionally develop metastases, which are defined as the presence of tumour cells at sites where th...
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| Published in: | European journal of clinical investigation 2011-10, Vol.41 (10), p.1121-1128 |
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| container_title | European journal of clinical investigation |
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| creator | Zelinka, Tomáš Musil, Zdeněk Dušková, Jaroslava Burton, Deborah Merino, Maria J. Milosevic, Dragana Widimský Jr, Jiří Pacak, Karel |
| description | Eur J Clin Invest 2011; 41 (10): 1121–1128
Background Pheochromocytomas are tumours arising from chromaffin tissue located in the adrenal medulla associated with typical symptoms and signs which may occasionally develop metastases, which are defined as the presence of tumour cells at sites where these cells are not found. This retrospective analysis was focused on clinical, genetic and histopathologic characteristics of primary metastatic versus primary benign pheochromocytomas.
Materials and methods We identified 41 subjects with metastatic pheochromocytoma and 108 subjects with apparently benign pheochromocytoma. We assessed dimension and biochemical profile of the primary tumour, age at presentation and time to develop metastases.
Results Subjects with metastatic pheochromocytoma presented at a significantly younger age (41·4 ± 14·7 vs. 50·2 ± 13·7 years; P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02518.x |
| format | article |
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Background Pheochromocytomas are tumours arising from chromaffin tissue located in the adrenal medulla associated with typical symptoms and signs which may occasionally develop metastases, which are defined as the presence of tumour cells at sites where these cells are not found. This retrospective analysis was focused on clinical, genetic and histopathologic characteristics of primary metastatic versus primary benign pheochromocytomas.
Materials and methods We identified 41 subjects with metastatic pheochromocytoma and 108 subjects with apparently benign pheochromocytoma. We assessed dimension and biochemical profile of the primary tumour, age at presentation and time to develop metastases.
Results Subjects with metastatic pheochromocytoma presented at a significantly younger age (41·4 ± 14·7 vs. 50·2 ± 13·7 years; P < 0·001) with larger primary tumours (8·38 ± 3·27 vs. 6·18 ± 2·75 cm; P < 0·001) and secreted more frequently norepinephrine (95·1% vs. 83·3%; P = 0·046) compared to subjects with apparently benign pheochromocytomas. No significant differences were found in the incidence of genetic mutations in both groups of subjects (25·7% in the metastatic group and 14·7% in the benign group; P = 0·13). From available histopathologic markers of potential malignancy, only necrosis occurred more frequently in subjects with metastatic pheochromocytoma (27·6% vs. 0%; P < 0·001). The median time to develop metastases was 3·6 years with the longest interval 24 years.
Conclusions In conclusion, regardless of a genetic background, the size of a primary pheochromocytoma and age of its first presentation are two independent risk factors associated with the development of metastatic disease.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0014-2972</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2362</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02518.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21692797</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Adrenal Gland Neoplasms - genetics ; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms - metabolism ; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms - pathology ; Adrenals. Adrenal axis. Renin-angiotensin system (diseases) ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Case-Control Studies ; Endocrinopathies ; Epinephrine ; Epinephrine - secretion ; Female ; General aspects ; Humans ; Male ; malignant pheochromocytoma ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Non tumoral diseases. Target tissue resistance. Benign neoplasms ; norepinephrine ; Norepinephrine - secretion ; Pheochromocytoma - genetics ; Pheochromocytoma - metabolism ; Pheochromocytoma - pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Tumor Burden</subject><ispartof>European journal of clinical investigation, 2011-10, Vol.41 (10), p.1121-1128</ispartof><rights>European Journal of Clinical Investigation © 2011 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation. No claim to original US government works</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>European Journal of Clinical Investigation © 2011 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation. No claim to original US government works.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4378-40b900f4355522b23e81fa42b41b8acdca3a98bf32a70bb1ec9b8849e6f08af53</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24492243$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21692797$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zelinka, Tomáš</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Musil, Zdeněk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dušková, Jaroslava</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burton, Deborah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Merino, Maria J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milosevic, Dragana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Widimský Jr, Jiří</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pacak, Karel</creatorcontrib><title>Metastatic pheochromocytoma: Does the size and age matter?</title><title>European journal of clinical investigation</title><addtitle>Eur J Clin Invest</addtitle><description>Eur J Clin Invest 2011; 41 (10): 1121–1128
Background Pheochromocytomas are tumours arising from chromaffin tissue located in the adrenal medulla associated with typical symptoms and signs which may occasionally develop metastases, which are defined as the presence of tumour cells at sites where these cells are not found. This retrospective analysis was focused on clinical, genetic and histopathologic characteristics of primary metastatic versus primary benign pheochromocytomas.
Materials and methods We identified 41 subjects with metastatic pheochromocytoma and 108 subjects with apparently benign pheochromocytoma. We assessed dimension and biochemical profile of the primary tumour, age at presentation and time to develop metastases.
Results Subjects with metastatic pheochromocytoma presented at a significantly younger age (41·4 ± 14·7 vs. 50·2 ± 13·7 years; P < 0·001) with larger primary tumours (8·38 ± 3·27 vs. 6·18 ± 2·75 cm; P < 0·001) and secreted more frequently norepinephrine (95·1% vs. 83·3%; P = 0·046) compared to subjects with apparently benign pheochromocytomas. No significant differences were found in the incidence of genetic mutations in both groups of subjects (25·7% in the metastatic group and 14·7% in the benign group; P = 0·13). From available histopathologic markers of potential malignancy, only necrosis occurred more frequently in subjects with metastatic pheochromocytoma (27·6% vs. 0%; P < 0·001). The median time to develop metastases was 3·6 years with the longest interval 24 years.
Conclusions In conclusion, regardless of a genetic background, the size of a primary pheochromocytoma and age of its first presentation are two independent risk factors associated with the development of metastatic disease.</description><subject>Adrenal Gland Neoplasms - genetics</subject><subject>Adrenal Gland Neoplasms - metabolism</subject><subject>Adrenal Gland Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Adrenals. Adrenal axis. Renin-angiotensin system (diseases)</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomarkers, Tumor</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Endocrinopathies</subject><subject>Epinephrine</subject><subject>Epinephrine - secretion</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>malignant pheochromocytoma</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Non tumoral diseases. Target tissue resistance. Benign neoplasms</subject><subject>norepinephrine</subject><subject>Norepinephrine - secretion</subject><subject>Pheochromocytoma - genetics</subject><subject>Pheochromocytoma - metabolism</subject><subject>Pheochromocytoma - pathology</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Tumor Burden</subject><issn>0014-2972</issn><issn>1365-2362</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpFkFtv00AQRleIiobSv4D8UvFkd2_27lZCCIVelXJRi-BtNbsZNw52HLwbNemvr92EMC8z0pxvpDmEJIxmrK_TecZEkadcFDzjlLGM8pzpbP2KjPaL12REKZMpN4ofkrchzCmlmgn-hhxyVhiujBqRs1uMECLEyifLGbZ-1rVN6zexbeAs-dJiSOIMk1A9YQKLaQIPmDQQI3af3pGDEuqAx7t-RH5enN-Pr9LJt8vr8edJ6qVQOpXUGUpLKfI859xxgZqVILmTzGnwUw8CjHal4KCocwy9cVpLg0VJNZS5OCIftneXXft3hSHapgoe6xoW2K6C1UZroUxBe_L9jly5Bqd22VUNdBv7790eONkBEDzUZQcLX4X_nJSGcyl67uOWe6xq3Oz3jNpBv53bwbIdLNtBv33Rb9f2fHw9TH0-3earEHG9z0P3xxZKqNz--nppf9xM7r8b9dveiWeKLYYB</recordid><startdate>201110</startdate><enddate>201110</enddate><creator>Zelinka, Tomáš</creator><creator>Musil, Zdeněk</creator><creator>Dušková, Jaroslava</creator><creator>Burton, Deborah</creator><creator>Merino, Maria J.</creator><creator>Milosevic, Dragana</creator><creator>Widimský Jr, Jiří</creator><creator>Pacak, Karel</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley-Blackwell</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201110</creationdate><title>Metastatic pheochromocytoma: Does the size and age matter?</title><author>Zelinka, Tomáš ; Musil, Zdeněk ; Dušková, Jaroslava ; Burton, Deborah ; Merino, Maria J. ; Milosevic, Dragana ; Widimský Jr, Jiří ; Pacak, Karel</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4378-40b900f4355522b23e81fa42b41b8acdca3a98bf32a70bb1ec9b8849e6f08af53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Adrenal Gland Neoplasms - genetics</topic><topic>Adrenal Gland Neoplasms - metabolism</topic><topic>Adrenal Gland Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Adrenals. Adrenal axis. Renin-angiotensin system (diseases)</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomarkers, Tumor</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Endocrinopathies</topic><topic>Epinephrine</topic><topic>Epinephrine - secretion</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>malignant pheochromocytoma</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Non tumoral diseases. Target tissue resistance. Benign neoplasms</topic><topic>norepinephrine</topic><topic>Norepinephrine - secretion</topic><topic>Pheochromocytoma - genetics</topic><topic>Pheochromocytoma - metabolism</topic><topic>Pheochromocytoma - pathology</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Risk Assessment</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Tumor Burden</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zelinka, Tomáš</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Musil, Zdeněk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dušková, Jaroslava</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burton, Deborah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Merino, Maria J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milosevic, Dragana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Widimský Jr, Jiří</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pacak, Karel</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>European journal of clinical investigation</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zelinka, Tomáš</au><au>Musil, Zdeněk</au><au>Dušková, Jaroslava</au><au>Burton, Deborah</au><au>Merino, Maria J.</au><au>Milosevic, Dragana</au><au>Widimský Jr, Jiří</au><au>Pacak, Karel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Metastatic pheochromocytoma: Does the size and age matter?</atitle><jtitle>European journal of clinical investigation</jtitle><addtitle>Eur J Clin Invest</addtitle><date>2011-10</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>41</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>1121</spage><epage>1128</epage><pages>1121-1128</pages><issn>0014-2972</issn><eissn>1365-2362</eissn><abstract>Eur J Clin Invest 2011; 41 (10): 1121–1128
Background Pheochromocytomas are tumours arising from chromaffin tissue located in the adrenal medulla associated with typical symptoms and signs which may occasionally develop metastases, which are defined as the presence of tumour cells at sites where these cells are not found. This retrospective analysis was focused on clinical, genetic and histopathologic characteristics of primary metastatic versus primary benign pheochromocytomas.
Materials and methods We identified 41 subjects with metastatic pheochromocytoma and 108 subjects with apparently benign pheochromocytoma. We assessed dimension and biochemical profile of the primary tumour, age at presentation and time to develop metastases.
Results Subjects with metastatic pheochromocytoma presented at a significantly younger age (41·4 ± 14·7 vs. 50·2 ± 13·7 years; P < 0·001) with larger primary tumours (8·38 ± 3·27 vs. 6·18 ± 2·75 cm; P < 0·001) and secreted more frequently norepinephrine (95·1% vs. 83·3%; P = 0·046) compared to subjects with apparently benign pheochromocytomas. No significant differences were found in the incidence of genetic mutations in both groups of subjects (25·7% in the metastatic group and 14·7% in the benign group; P = 0·13). From available histopathologic markers of potential malignancy, only necrosis occurred more frequently in subjects with metastatic pheochromocytoma (27·6% vs. 0%; P < 0·001). The median time to develop metastases was 3·6 years with the longest interval 24 years.
Conclusions In conclusion, regardless of a genetic background, the size of a primary pheochromocytoma and age of its first presentation are two independent risk factors associated with the development of metastatic disease.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>21692797</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02518.x</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adrenal Gland Neoplasms - genetics Adrenal Gland Neoplasms - metabolism Adrenal Gland Neoplasms - pathology Adrenals. Adrenal axis. Renin-angiotensin system (diseases) Adult Age Factors Biological and medical sciences Biomarkers, Tumor Case-Control Studies Endocrinopathies Epinephrine Epinephrine - secretion Female General aspects Humans Male malignant pheochromocytoma Medical sciences Middle Aged Non tumoral diseases. Target tissue resistance. Benign neoplasms norepinephrine Norepinephrine - secretion Pheochromocytoma - genetics Pheochromocytoma - metabolism Pheochromocytoma - pathology Retrospective Studies Risk Assessment Risk Factors Time Factors Tumor Burden |
| title | Metastatic pheochromocytoma: Does the size and age matter? |
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